Reading Accuracy

Abstract The evaluation of accuracy in reading depends on capability to make sense of words in a manuscript. Reading accuracy is consequently the automatic process of interpretation and integration of appropriate expressions or phrases during the reading process with a minimal use of required resources in the aim of communicating meaning in a text.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Reading Accuracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proper definition for understanding reading fluency portrays the concept of learning to decode words accurately for the need to succeed in reading text, as a perspective that is for garnering profundity. Accuracy in decoding words is important, but the main aim ought to be ensuring that the words undergo automatic decoding with less effort during the reading process. Interpretation entails the ability to phrase and express words appropriately during the reading process. Accurate and fluent reading therefore is the ability to accurately decode words in a text and automatically present them, while illustrating optimal comprehension it is also the ability to interpret text expressively. As an important aspect of reading, fluency affects the readers’ ability to understand text. This paper describes the process of calculating the word correct per minute (WCPM) and the reading accuracy as a way of measuring the students’ ability to achieve reading affluence. What are the efficient methods of determining students’ reading fluency and efficiency? Are there methods appropriate for determining reading fluency? The paper is therefore is a critical analysis of assessment procedures for accurate and effective reading among students. It eventually presents the way of assisting students gain the WCPM and reading accuracy and explains the benefits of using the procedure to nurture fluent readers. Reading accuracy Fluent readers have experience. They ar e able to decipher meaning form a text precisely without human intervention or need for extra resources as a requisite for triggering the conscious mind. According to Samuels (2002), inability to have enough resources for decoding words or reading comprehensions makes the reader to acquire excellent skills for enhancing reading accuracy. Readers are able to facilitate proficiency or accuracy by graduating from the conscious process of decoding to accurate or automatic decoding. The most favourable accurate reading level focuses on the ability to find meaning out of a text without straining during the reading process. At that level one does not need to listen closely to the sound of words but simply recognizes the words automatically and accurately at the instance of seeing the text. A good reader rarely requires the need to focus concentration on finding the meaning from a text. This aspect differentiates the experiences from the learning readers.Advertising Looking for researc h paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The accuracy in reading also requires the reader to have the capacity of interpreting or deriving sense from words within the text during the reading process. Accuracy in reading enables one to focus attention on the comprehension process or other related tasks, consequently finding meaning from a combination of text. Tor that reason, the ability to read fluently has a direct connection to comprehension. Active interpretation or construction of meaning from a passage requires the reader to push in appropriate â€Å"volume, tone, phrase, emphasis and other elements of oral expression† Samuels (2002). The sense of having accuracy in reading indicates that fluency is multidimensional, with directions over stress on accuracy or decoding of words in a text, emphasis on the need to quickly and automatically recognize words in a connection of text and lastly in the ability to ex presses meaning from a text through accurate interpretation. Assessing Reading Accuracy and Automaticity According to Walker (2008), â€Å"the ability to read fluently depends on the component of decoding accuracy.† The reading accuracy therefore depends on three distinct components namely, the accuracy of decoding, automaticity and prosody. Decoding accuracy is the ability to get meaning accurately from words during the reading process. â€Å"Automaticity is ability to decode words from text with minimal dependence upon the resources and prosody is ability to use phrases and expressions appropriately during the reading process†¦ The reader’s level of accuracy affects the decoding accuracy and automaticity components† (Walker, 2008). The percentage of the words a reader can engage correctly within a given period determines the reading accuracy. This is an important measure for reading proficiency since it indicates the various levels of decoding accuracy. T here exists various level of performance in the word decoding accuracy tests. The independent level is over 97% range. These readers are able to engage text without difficulties or need for assistance. The instructional level readers have a performance rage of approximately 90% to 96%. They perform under the guidance of a good reader. The last is the ‘frustration’ level. These average scores of these readers are below 90% mark. They perceive the assessment of reading text as a difficult task that is too challenging to conceptualize. Although it is a widely utilized especially in the informal reading inventory, the test for oral reading fluency incorporate analysis of accuracy at all levels of achievements. The reader faces the challenge of meeting multiple words within the assessment passage to meet the requests set forth by the analysis process.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Reading Accuracy specifically for you for only $16. 05 $11/page Learn More Various assessment courses of actions are excellent procedure for determining accuracy because of the in-depth analysis, but they consume a lot of instructional time and are thus not viable for most teachers especially when the students are many. The rate of reading determines the student’s ability to engage automaticity and word recognition. A better and common procedure is the words read correctly per minute, (WCPM). During the reading process, the analysis counterchecks the incorrect words and counts only the correctly read words within the 60 seconds period. Procedure for measuring the reading accuracy using the WCPM The initial step involves the identification of appropriate text with an approximate number of words depending on the student’s grade level. The readability formula or rubric determines the appropriateness of a text to a given level of study. The student should read the passage aloud for one minute under a tape-rec ording procedure. Appropriate reading ought to be at normal reading speed without the tendency of hurrying to finish on time. The teacher has to assist on words that the student fails to respond within a two to three seconds interval wait, to ensure the process engagement within the specified one-minute period. The teacher analysis process entails checking for the mispronunciation errors, bearing in mind the assisted word pronunciation. Other errors include the replacement of the original text to evade challenges, total oversight of tough words and, reversing of pronunciation. The supervisor has to mark the point reached after one-minute analysis. In line with Samuels, (2002), to determine the reading accuracy, the analyst â€Å"divides the number of correctly read words with the total number of words read within the minute.† Eventually the analyst converts the results to a percentage and compares them against the target norms of the performance range. Lastly, â€Å"a standa rdized format determines the rate for the total number of WCPM†¦ by comparing the total counts against the target norms (Samuels, 2002). Benefits of WCPM analysis The process of WCPM is efficient because the analysis can perform multiple sessions using different texts in comparison of the median score against performance standard, thus determining the student’s actual ability (Walker, 2008). The teacher is able to repeat the process within a short while for a wide range of students in need of improvement, and thus determine the reading growth pattern. Relating the readers to the target norms progressively enhances automaticity among them, regularly channelled through relating performance to the standardized measurements for accurate reading at enhanced rates.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By measuring the student’s reading accuracy, the teachers are able to determine the main sources of difficulties. Some readers will have low accuracy in reading and therefore automatically end with overall low scores while others have high scores but suffer from decoding error and also have low scores. The accuracy assessment assists in differentiating between these two types of readers in the aim of making them better readers. The analysis determines the comprehension difficulties but eventually the reading growth depends on the type of difficulty a student experiences. â€Å"The source of difficulties either is†¦ lack of sufficient automaticity or lacks accuracy in decoding words† (Walker, 2008). Assisting a student to advance their WCPM and reading accuracy A teacher has to utilize assessments such as the WCPM as a critical tool for planning for responsive instructions especially among students with a struggle on reading skills. According to Walker (2008), teac hers fail to recognize the assessment results as effective tools for diagnostic teaching procedures. Diagnostic teaching is a continual sequence of activities where the educators can utilize various ways of assisting the students. First, the assessment procedures are decisive, and therefore the teacher must assess the reading ability by subjecting the student to the WCMP program to determine their level of performance and as an initial course of action, find the starting point. The second procedure entails the interpretation of data in accordance to the students’ development level, for instance by finding out if the language a first or second language. This point of action assists in meeting the curriculum expectations through the instructional practices. Thirdly, there is need to adjust the techniques and materials for giving instructional guides. The guidance skills or teaching strategies have to incorporate the requirements that the students lack to master or garner new ad vanced skills or strategies to advance their reading abilities and knowledge. There is equally the need to reassess the procedures. A good course of action a teacher should consider in their duties of helping a student advance in their WCPM and reading accuracy includes offering support for continual reading habits. Students with reading difficulties require restricted amount of directives for decoding words in the aim of sharpening their skills. Lastly, students often takes a while to master skills, therefore there is need for continual re-interpretation of the instructional guidelines overtime. Importance of the WCPM and reading accuracy An engagement in the reading fluency analysis provides a bridge between the ability to recognize and comprehend words. It is a catalyst for leaders because it enables them to focus on the challenges and thus have an attention towards the need to understand the meaning of text during reading. Non-fluent readers often focus much of their attention t o figuring out the words and therefore end up with another problem linked to comprehension. â€Å"The WCPM and reading fluency analysis focuses attention on both the need for fluency and comprehension abilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Graham and Perin, 2007). The procedure provides an opportunity for engaging guideline for orally repeated reading and supportive assistance from the teachers’ feedbacks from the performance results. The analysis also provides the opportunity to â€Å"match reading texts and instructions to individual students† (Graham and Perin, 2007). The assessment is a classroom-based for monitoring the progress for students and for both the accuracy and reading rates. References Graham, S., Perin, D. (2007). Writing next: Effective strategies to improve writing  Of adolescents in middle and high school. Washington, DC: Alliance for Excellent Education publishers Samuels, S. J. (2002). Reading fluency: Its development and assessment. (Third Ed pp. 166-183). Newark, DE: International Reading Association Walker, B. J. (2008). Diagnostic Teaching of Reading: Techniques for Instruction and  Assessment (7th Ed), Columbus, OH: Merrill, Print This research paper on Reading Accuracy was written and submitted by user Shane Maxwell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Obtain Auto Insurance

How to Obtain Auto InsuranceSample of short essay is the best idea to choose if you want to write a paper. This will give you the liberty to add your personal flavor to the whole article.First, it is important things that are important to incorporate. Here are some that are worth mentioning:- Think about the topic of the essay. It should be not very technical or extremely tough. You have to express your thoughts and feelings on the given topic. You can't just speak about random details of your life.- Don't hesitate to follow the example of another writer in order to find out the best way to write it. Try to notice their writing style, sentence structure, use of adjectives, the color and the flow of the whole article. Remember that they are doing it for you and so they are more than glad to help you out with your problem.- Try to think about the ideas that you have in your mind. Make sure that they will give a good idea about your essay. It would be good if you can highlight the ideas that you have to make your article lively and unique. Remember that the better the idea is, the more interesting the essay will be.- Try to do a funny, fun paragraph at the end of the paper. Just be original and try to do something new in your writing.- When you finished writing the essay, go over it to check if it is perfect. Don't forget to discuss the issues that you have found through your research with the teacher. They are more than glad to guide you and give you tips and suggestions to further improve your essay.Sample of Short Essay<|startoftext|> PARACOUNT 4 SENTCOUNT auto insurance | self-employed ENDPARAMWhether you are an employee or a self-employed individual, you need to get auto insurance. There are different types of auto insurance plans, but the most common type is liability insurance.Liability insurance provides coverage for accidents where you are liable for the damage or injury caused by your vehicle. There are many reasons why you would want to purchase insurance. You may choose to buy it for your employer's benefit, but you might also choose to get coverage for yourself. Having liability insurance for your business makes it easier to keep track of your inventory and ensure that your workers get to work safely. If you own your own business, it gives you the flexibility to make your own decisions about coverage.When shopping for auto insurance, there are several ways to obtain quotes. You can visit the websites of each of the major carriers. Some providers will allow you to request a free quote online, but if you are looking for more comprehensive quotes, you should visit the individual carriers' websites.Auto insurance coverage is available for all drivers and all states. Before choosing a provider, ask yourself what kind of coverage you need, what kind of price you are willing to pay, and whether you need a policy that requires you to be licensed.

Discuss the nature of the relationship between Essay Example

Discuss the nature of the relationship between Essay Example Discuss the nature of the relationship between Essay Discuss the nature of the relationship between Essay Discuss the nature of the relationship between cultural policy and national individuality. Introduction Culture is the whole of the manner of life of a given society and includes the thoughts and wonts which they learn and which are transmitted from one coevals to another ( Linton, 1945 ) . Human behavior is based on guidelines that are shared by a group and in order for that group/society to work efficaciously the guidelines must use to all its members. Thus civilization is learned and shared and without it members of a society would be unable to pass on efficaciously and pandemonium would ensue. Cultural policy relates to the cultural capital of a state, its humanistic disciplines and memorials etc. Since the Conservative Government came to power in the late 19 1970ss Britain has had a continually shifting cultural policy. Some observers argued in the early 19990s that the elitist intensions associated with cultural policy were going less apparent in Britain. The coming of New Labour and their statute law sing cultural policy, nevertheless, may look to be a return to elitist cultural policy. The construct of individuality is highly of import in sociological thought. In Britain, for illustration, societal category was frequently seen as cardinal to a person’s thought of who they were and Bordieu’s work on cultural capital tends to back up this position. Constructions of individuality are besides closely linked to civilization and people’s individualities are reflected in the civilizations and sub-cultures to which they belong. Therefore Willis’ ( 1967 in Haralambos and Holborn, 2000 ) work put forth the position that working category young person had developed their ain sub-cultures with the instruction system. Modern theories of civilization tend to back up the position that individuality and civilization are really closely linked. British people would, for illustration, tend to hold a really clear sense of what it might intend to be British. Post-modernist minds have criticised this position because they argue that the multi-cultural nature o f modern-day Britain indicate that the ways in which people express their Britishness are rather diverse. Frosh ( 1999 ) maintains that although individuality draws on civilization there are besides a figure of other factors at work in individuality formation. Recent sociological and psychological theory has stressed that a person’s individuality is in fact something multiple and potentially unstable, constructed through experience and linguistically coded. In developing their individualities people draw upon culturally available resources in their immediate societal webs and in society as a whole. The procedure of individuality building is hence one upon which the contradictions and temperaments of the environing socio-cultural environment have a profound impact( Frosh, 1999:413 ) . This paper will look into the alterations in cultural policy in Britain. It will get down with theories of civilization and recent cultural policy. It will so look at positions on national individuality and discourse the relationship between cultural policy and national individuality. Theories of civilization British cultural policy has its roots in the 19th century when the businessperson elite were deriving power and there was general concern over turning unrest among the working categories. It was at this clip that a big organic structure of work grew up to set up the nature of civilization and what was culturally acceptable and what was non. A shared civilization and a shared belief system are necessary if a society is traveling to run swimmingly, it has power over the picks of persons and operates to restrain their behavior ( Durkheim, 1961 foremost published 1912 cited in Haralambos and Holborn, 2000 ) . Durkheim believed that societies were possessed of a corporate scruples which connected consecutive coevalss together and those who do non conform are punished by society. The rapid alterations that take topographic point in industrial societies place them under menace and a shared civilization needs to be reinforced in order to back up society. Parsons ( 1955 ) maintained that civi lization was passed on to consecutive coevalss through the socialization procedure. Culture can alter but most people in a given civilization must portion most of its values or that society will fall in. Contemporary civilizations are, nevertheless, really different and it may non be the instance that people feel the demand for a shared civilization, or that society would fall apart without it. Marx’s work concentrated on category stratification and he argued that in category stratified societies civilization was, in fact, a contemplation of the political orientation of the opinion categories. Culture is shaped by category to such an extent that governing category political orientation becomes the dominant political orientation ( Abercrombie et al, 1983 ) . Marx, and his co-worker Engels, believed that finally the civilization of society would alter through the development of consciousness by the on the job category who would come to see the falsity of the dominant political orientation. Marx’s statement has been extremely influential in theories of civilization but Numberss of minds have pointed to its failings. Storey ( 1993 cited in Haralambos and Holborn, 2000 ) has argued that the alterations that came with the Industrial Revolution led to concerns that better facets of civilization were being undermined. The outgrowth of other categories was a beginning of concern because the industrial working category was able to develop: †¦an independent civilization at some remove from the direct intercession of the dominant categories. Industrialization and urbanization had redrawn the cultural boundaries. No longer was there a shared common civilization, with an extra civilization of the powerful. Now for the first clip in history there was a separate civilization of the subsidiary categories of the urban and industrial Centres( Storey, 1993:20-21 ) . Matthew Arnold ( 1822-1888 ) maintained that civilization was the survey of flawlessness but in 19th century England people were going excessively mercenary and excessively interested in the new machinery and the production of goods. He was concerned about the fact that civilization was going confused with material wealth. Peoples would develop their humanity through the acquisition of cognition and reading literature and poesy in this manner people could develop society. Arnold maintained that the key to going cultured was larning to read and reading the right sort of stuff. The turning ‘popular’ civilization and reading stuff of the urban working category was non cultured and Arnold saw them as a unsafe group, therefore he warned that there was a, †¦organic structure of work forces, all over the country†¦beginning to asseverate and set in pattern an Englishman’s right to make what he likes ; his right to process where he likes, run into where he likes, enter where he likes, hoot as he likes, threaten as he likes, knock as he likes( Arnold, 1960:76 foremost published in 1869 ) . The working categories needed educating in order to go civilized and to be a constructive instead than a destructive force in society. Story ( 1993 ) has argued that Arnold’s concern was less with civilization and more about maintaining people in their topographic point and keeping order. Arnold had an elietist position of civilization which has been progressively challenged in recent old ages. Thompson ( 1963 cited in Haralambos and Holborn, 2000 ) has argued that during the industrial revolution working category civilization was non destructive but originative and as worthy of note as the civilization of the higher elect categories. More late the accent has been on what has come to be known as mass civilization. Theories of mass civilization developed in America in the work of theoreticians such as Macdonald ( 1957 ) . Macdonald saw aggregate civilization as a menace to high civilization and capable of making a totalitarian society. The thought that aggregate civilization was harmful has been attacked by Shils ( 1978 ) he did non see mass civilization as peculiarly worthy of note but thought it preferred to the harsh being that the working category had antecedently experienced. Contemporary theoreticians of civilization criticise the impression that one signifier of civilization is superior to another. Strinati ( 1995 ) maintains that what was one time seen as aggregate civilization may, over clip, come to be seen as serious art. Mass civilization, he argues, gives people a pick with respect to art, music, and books and this undermines the power of intellectuals over what constitutes good gustatory sensation. St rinati is of the sentiment that unfavorable judgments of aggregate civilization consequences from intellectuals trying to support their cultural power. Hall ( 1995 ) argues that the different signifiers of civilization in a society have their ain ways of sorting the universe. All of the ways in which a civilization is communicated contain facets of that universe position and events can be given different significances, therefore he maintains: In order for one significance to be on a regular basis produced, it had to win a sort of†¦taken –for-grantedness for itself. That involved marginalizing, downgrading or delegitimating alternate buildings. Indeed there were certain sorts of account which, given the power of credibleness acquired by the preferable scope of significances, were literally unthinkable or unsayable( Hall, 1995:355 ) . State States, Nationalism and British Identity Anderson ( 1983 ) says that a state is an imagined political community, imagined as both inherently limited and at the same clip crowned head. It is imagined because although its members may experience that they belong to the same community yet they may neer run into. The state is limited because some are seen as belonging to it while others are excluded, and it is autonomous because it seeks to observe self-determination for a peculiar group of people. Nationalism is an bridal of the cultural heritage and patterns of a peculiar state province. Smith ( 1986 ) maintains that state provinces are characterised by mass instruction, by economic integrating and legal rights and responsibilities for all members of that province. Hall ( 1992 ) argues that the state province and patriotism are creative activities of capitalist economy. In recent times nevertheless, capitalist economy has generated forces which have served to sabotage the sovereignity of the state province and of patriotism. He regards efforts to advance patriotism in the modern universe as unsafe because most state provinces are culturally, ethnically and sacredly assorted and when groups attempt to advance peculiar involvements within a state province force and struggle can ensue. Hall maintains that these forces result in people holding a baffled sense of national individuality the ethnically diverse nature of Britain for case agencies that many people have a figure of different individualities because they see themselves as members of different groups. Cohen ( 1994 ) demonstrates the force of Hall’s statement when he argues that presents there is no clear cut thought of what it means to be British. British individuality is blurred in a figure of ways. Cohen investigates the complex and altering nature of British individuality as it has been affected by a figure of factors. Societies across the Earth have been influenced by colonialism and deconolisation, by migration, travel and by political alteration. Colley ( 1996 ) maintains that ‘Britishness’ is an innovation of elitist provinces to antagonize the dissentious consequences of capitalist economy and industrialization and that the thought of British nationalism was invented in the 18th century. However, Langlands ( 1999 ) inquiries Colley’s position of Britishness as merely an innovation, she maintains that Britishness is more complex than Colley would hold us believe. Smith ( 1986a ) maintains that states are ethno-symbolic communities made up of share d history and district and shared myths of beginnings. Smith’s work implies that ‘Britishness’ therefore operates on both a cultural and political degree. While many modern provinces are poly-ethnic, but based around a dominant cultural nucleus that produced its name and cultural charter. Smith ( 1991 ) says that it isreally frequently on the footing of such a nucleus that states coalesce to organize states( Smith, 1991:39 ) . Therefore, historically, modern state provinces are the consequence of a province elect edifice on these nucleus foundations. Smith claims that in Britain, by the 15th century, there was a reasonably homogeneous cultural, blue sense of Britishness. The British state province, hence, is basically English with elements taken from Wales and Scotland. On the footing of this, Langlands ( 1999 ) maintains that provinces with a stable dominant cultural nucleus are less likely to be susceptible to the effects of cultural struggle originating from j obs between the province and multiple ethnicities. Langlands maintains that: As it is true of all national individualities, the significances and salience attached to Englishness are unstable and have varied well ; it has at some times drawn upon Celtic beginnings ; and at other times it has been conflated with Britishness ( the myth of our island race for case )( Langlands, 1999:60 ) . Cultural Policy and National Identity British Cultural policy remained based on the elitist positions of the 19th century until good into the 20th century and re-emerged after the Second World War as portion of the public assistance province. In 1947 the Arts Council was established in an effort to convey art to as many people as possible. Ballet, Opera and the theater were given much promotion as theoretical accounts of British cultural life. As the National Heritage site maintains, cultural heritage is of great importance. It is besides important to the building of individualities and to societal behavior ( Turnpenny, 2004 ) . The policies which promoted what has been termed ‘high’ civilization remained stable until the late 19 1960ss and 1970ss. During the 1950s leftist policies were pursued which resulted in cultural stableness. By the 1970s the state of affairs was less stable and the far left began to deride it as all cultural values were regarded as reflecting the involvements of white in-between cate gory males. It was necessary to make away with value opinions so that civilization would accommodate the demands of everyone. In the 19 1880ss ‘high’ civilization was once more undermined by the market rules of Margaret Thatcher’s Government. Art had to warrant its continued being on the footing of its marketability. In 1986 the cultural policy advisers to the Greater London Council wrote: In an age when we know longer expect to happen a individual all- embracing truth, the best schemes for endurance frequently involve making option, sole kingdom, which reject dominant manners( Mulgan and Worpole, 1986:32 ) When New Labour came to power in the 1990s it took over elements of the left and the right in an effort to advance a more diverse and inclusive position of civilization and cultural heritage. Pearce ( 2000 ) contends that: Cultural heritage is something that can be inherited, which enables the heirs to come in into their rightful provinces and be their true egos( Pearce, 2000:59 ) . This heritage is expressed in a figure of different ways some of which are stuff and some symbolic. Thus a cultural heritage consists of artifacts, patterns, objects and cultural infinites which persons recognise as portion of their cultural heritage. Among the symbolic facets are unwritten tradition, the acting humanistic disciplines, and societal patterns. Therefore cultural heritage can associate to all facets of life ( Turnpenny, 2004 ) . Current cultural policy dressed ores on the material facets of heritage such as edifices or memorials. This means that heritage is really tightly defined within an academic context and denies wider cultural reading ( Turnpenny, ibid ) . So although current cultural policy provinces an purpose of inclusivity its actions with respect to cultural heritage and this can take to people going alienated from their cultural heritage. Pearce ( 2000 ) argues that these physical facets of heritage are associated with certain values and emotions, without thi s association the material civilization would lose its value. Cultural sites, topographic points and artifacts can, hence be considered to be physical representations of perceptual experiences of ego, community, and belonging, and their associated cultural values( Smith and Vandermeer, 2001:51 ) Social patterns have been omitted from Government statute law on cultural heritage yet these are frequently related to peculiar societal groups and are an look of traditional societal values. These patterns are a beginning of group individuality and have historical, traditional, and cultural significance and should hence be considered as portion of our cultural heritage ( Jones, 1996 ) . Turnpenny ( 2004 ) argues that the current manner in which the province legislates with respect to cultural heritage is oppressive as it does non take into history community values and the communities’ perceptual experiences of their cultural heritage and it therefore contributes to societal exclusion. Current cultural policy, in its disregard of the intangible, offprints fact from value. In making so it imposes a signifier of national individuality that does non truly reflect the individuality of community groups in Britain. Turnpenny maintains that cultural policy, in its disregard of the wi der cultural heritage that is espoused by communities, consequences in communities non being able to associate to Government definitions of cultural heritage ( which is why less people visit museums now ) and this leads to tie in jobs of disempowerment and exclusion. Decision This paper has looked at cultural policy and its relationship to national individuality. It is arguably the instance that current Government cultural policy has reverberations of 19th century elitism in another signifier. Buildings and artifacts are regarded as portion of British cultural heritage and are hence to be espoused. The broad cultural heritage of communities, e.g. the pattern of good dressing, balefire dark, Dwali etc are neglected because they are regarded as the civilization of the multitudes. National individuality hence, is reserved for an elect subdivision of society, merely as it was during the 19th century, and this consequences in many communities experiencing alienated from official definitions of cultural heritage and what it means to be British. 2800 wordsBibliography Abercrombie, N and Urry J. 1983Capital Labour and the Middle ClassesAllen and Unwin, London Anderson, B 1983Imagined CommunitiesVerso, London Arnold, M 1960 ( foremost published 1869 )Culture and AnarchyCambridge University Press, Cambridge Colley, L. 1986Britishers, Forging the Nation 1707-1837London, Vintage Frosh, S. 1999 â€Å"Identity† in Bullock, A. and Trombley, S ( explosive detection systems ) 1999The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern ThoughtHarper Collins, London Jones, S. 1996 ‘Discourses of Identity in the Interpretation of the Past’ , InCultural Identity and Archaeology. The Construction of European Communities, edited by P Graves-Brown, S. Jones and C. Gamble. London: Routledge ( 1996 ) 62–8 Hall, S. 1992 â€Å"The Question of Cultural Identity† in Hall et Al ( explosive detection systems ) 1992Modernity and its FuturesCambridge, Polity Press Hall, s. 1995 â€Å"The rediscovery of political orientation: Tax return of the repressed in media surveies in Boyd-Barrett and Newbold explosive detection systems 1995 Haralambos and Holborn 2000Sociology Themes and Positions5Thursdayerectile dysfunction. Harper Collins, London Lowenthal, D 1994 Identity, Heritage A ; History in Gillis, J erectile dysfunction. . Hobsbawm, E 1992 Introduction: Inventing Traditions in E, Hobsbawm A ; T.Ranger The Invention of Tradition . Pearce, S. M. 2000 ‘The Making of Cultural Heritage’ , InValuess and Heritage Conservation, edited by E. Avrami, R. Mason and M. de la Torre. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute ( 2000 ) 59–64. Smith, A 1986aThe Ethnic Origins of NationsOxford, Basil Blackwell Smith, A. 1991National IdentityHarmondsworth, Penguin Stinati D. 1995An Introduction to Theories of Popular CultureRoutledge, London Turnpenny, M 2004 â€Å"Cultural Heritage, an ailment defined construct? A call for joined-up policy†International Journal of Heritage Studies10 ( 3 ) July 2004 pp. 295-307

Bank Role in a Nations Economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bank Role in a Nations Economy - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, a discussion of a short history of banking would provide a good background on the role of this financial institution two centuries ago. As mentioned before, storehouses were considered banks Nevertheless, even when barter was replaced by currency, the existence of a bank as a financial institution was not yet fully established. In fact, Hildreth ( 1837) wrote that the first bank in Genoa, Venice came into being only after the Republic ended. Hildreth recounts : â€Å"The Republic is engaged in war, and falling short of funds, had recourse to a forced loan. The contributors to that loan, were allowed an annual interest of four percent on the sums they had been obliged to lend; certain branches of the public revenue were assigned for the payment of that interest; and a corporation, entitled the CHAMBER of LOANS, was created for the express purpose of looking after this business, managing those branches of the revenue assigned to the lenders ; and attending to, and securing the punctual payment of the interest, as it fell due†( Hildreth, 1837,p.5) The Chamber fulfilled some of the roles that modern-day banks do such as selling and exchange, lending money, circulating money, and accepting deposits. Later the Chamber was known as the Bank of Venice. From then, banks sprouted into different cities such as Genoa and Barcelona since they engaged in so much trade too. In our current time, banks have played roles not much differently from the Bank of Venice. Only, the banking industry has become more complicated as international trade became dynamic and currency exchange from different countries have grown.  

Theory of the five disciplines as a method of change Term Paper

Theory of the five disciplines as a method of change - Term Paper Example Theory of the five disciplines as a method of change A successful change management process is one which benefits the management and defines measure or the stakeholder’s aims, devises an effective education, training or skills upgrading system for the organization, counters the resistance from the employees and aligns them towards the strategic direction of the organization, provides personal counseling to any change related fears (Hayes, 2010).The 10 principles that guidelines the change management is address the human side systematically, it should start at the top, change should involve every layer, make the formal case, create ownership, communicate the message, address culture explicitly , assessing the cultural landscape, speak to the individual and prepare for the unexpected. John Kotter has proposed the 8-step change model for the change management process. The 8-step change model comprises of - Creating urgency , by identifying threats and developing scenarios to forecast what can happen in future to create a sense of u rgency of change, examining opportunities that could be exploited, to start honest discussions and convincing reasons to enable people talking and thinking, request support from the stakeholders to support the argument. Form a powerful coalition, in order to convince people that change is necessary, and bring together a coalition or team of some influential people whose power comes from various sources, the change coalition needs to work as a team to continuously create the need and urgency for change.

Growing Importance of the Global Economy Essay Example for Free

Growing Importance of the Global Economy Essay How has the growing importance of the global economy affected your organization’s competitiveness? The global financial crisis continues to be a severe shock to most enterprises. The initial economic downturn, the worst since the Great Depression, has affected almost all sectors of the economy. Everyone and every organization that has felt the pain. The company I work for serve the basic insurance needs of the fast-growing but largely under-served American middle income market. While many insurers have moved up-market, we are firmly committed to helping working families and retirees get basic protection through long-term care, life and supplemental health insurance products, as well as annuities How has your organization responded to this? My company offer consumer’s choice in how they buy insurance products. They can buy direct from Colonial Penn, which has special expertise in direct sales. They can purchase products across the kitchen table through career agents from Bankers Life and Casualty Company, independent agents of our Washington National Insurance Company unit or through its Performance Matters Associates marketing arm, both of which also offer voluntary benefit products to employees at the workplace. What recommendations would you make for your organization to improve its strategic decision-making? I would have consolidated and integrated all operations under a single resource with the goal of delivering improved customer service even as we reduced costs. A streamlined application and straight-through processing system has shortened customer and agent turn-around times and lowered application costs. 2013 CNO Financial Group, Inc. http//www.cnoinc.com

Does Business have Social Obligations? Essay -- Business Management St

Does Business have Social Obligations? In today's society people are being laid off or losing jobs everyday. Many times it is because a company is going out of business, or may not need as many employees. The company often times cannot afford to pay extra workers. During these circumstances, a question of responsibility and obligations begin to rise. Should businesses in today's free market economy have an obligation to be socially responsible for these actions which the businesses or company carries out? Businesses operating in a free market economy have limited obligation to be socially responsible. People who lose their jobs because a company is going out of business do not have a choice in the matter. They have not done anything wrong , but happen to be in the wrong place...