The Failed Dream

The Failed Dream â€Å"The Constitution only guarantees the American people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch It yourself. † These are the words of the American forefather, Benjamin Franklin. His thoughts reflect the theme that runs through each word, idea and aspect of The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby highlights the flaws of the coveted American dream and how it can never be achieved. Fitzgerald illustrated the different areas of this principle in various characters, such as the Buchanan, George Wilson and, of course, the Infamous Jay Gatsby.These characters exemplify the empty promises of the â€Å"white picket fence† fantasy and the lies that we have been told all through our lives that If we work hard and honest enough, we will receive our reward. The Buchanan, Tom and Daisy, were created by Fitzgerald to show how the rich have their wealth not due to any merit of theirs, as so the American dream claims. Instead, thro ughout the plot, it is revealed how immoral, selfish, and irresponsible the rich are, all the things that one is told not to do to achieve true happiness, yet they have reaped the benefits of the dream. TheImmorality of the wealthy Is best personified through Tom Buchanan, who not only Is a chronic cheater, but also treats everyone else as Inferior to him. Early In the book, one of the first interactions a reader has with Tom is him talking to his mistress while hosting a dinner party with his wife. What is worse is the next chapter consists of him taking Nick, his wife's cousin, to meet this mistress. This shows not only his selfishness, but his lack of any conscience. Even when he discovered the infidelity of his own wife, he failed to see his own fault for the exact crime. Daisy Is no better.She was eager to have an affair from the first mention of It, when Nick called her to come alone. She didn't even consider the repercussions until push came to shove and she was forced to cho ose. â€Å"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy?they smashed up things†¦ Then retreated back to their money or their vast carelessness†(pig 70). This could not better explain this couple. Their only concern was themselves. They gave no regard to anyone but themselves. Daisy, who claimed to love Gatsby, through him under the bus to take the fall for Myrtle's murder and ran into the arms of Tom.Both f them conspired to contently their superfluous life at the expense of theirs. They lived a life which breaks every code of morality and do not deserve their wealth, yet they are the ones who are enjoying the wonders of the fulfillment of the American dream. If the Buchanan are Fitzgerald example of people who have unjustifiably benefited from the American economic system, the opposite is George Wilson who has been cheated out of his inheritance. Wilson is the person the dream claims you should be to achieve It, hardworking, kind and moral.In every scene, except after the d eath of Myrtle, that George appears In, he Is working. He works his heart out yet all he has to show of it is a failed marriage and an empty bank account. As one edges toward the end of the book and the American dream unravels, George becomes the biggest indicator of this, â€Å"He had discovered that Myrtle had some sort of life apart from him in another world, and the shock had made him physically sick†¦. So sick that he looked guilty, unforgivably guilty. Yet even when he discovers the Infidelity of his George's morality is the end when he finally seeks revenge. Granted, he murdered Gatsby, but he did this out of great mental torment and depression and even when e did it, he was filled with such regret that he could not live with himself afterwards. All the other characters, save for Nick, live in their sin without any sense of a conscience. If the American Dream is accurate, then George should be the most successful character in this tale, however, he is instead the pennil ess corpse.Gatsby is an example of someone who earned his American dream; however, he did not do it in the method that is advertised. Instead, Gatsby not only got his money through illegal means but he was also immoral and selfish. His actions, by definition, go against all that is upheld by the American dream so it should not be possible for Gatsby gain all he has. It is believed that if one works hard and is honest they will get their reward, yet we saw this is not true in George.On the flip side, Gatsby was able to obtain a fortune, but through illegal means. Not only is this but he not a hugely moral person though a reader might want to believe that. Instead, he is trying to take a married woman as his own, disregarding her husband, no matter how bad, and her daughter. These are not the actions of a ‘good man'. He was never content with what he had, always looking for more, even as a young man. He did not even care for his family as they were not wealthy and therefore not up to his standards.Gatsby instead did anything achieve success in the exact opposite way in the way one is told they can achieve it. The Great Gatsby seems like the tragic of failed love on the surface, however, it is really the poetic analysis of the tragedy of the American economic structure. One is told to work hard and be good and they will achieve success. Yet Fitzgerald magnified how this is a gross miscarriage of the truth. Instead, the people who have achieved success were handed it on a silver platter, like the Buchanan, or got it through immoral means, like Gatsby.He also shows how people who truly do believe in the dream try and try again but are cheated and never receive their reward, like George. The American dream is the universal aspiration of everyone on the planet. It is the almost religious belief instilled into the hearts of each person, influenced western society, from a young age. Yet only the select few who are already at the top stay there, looking down at th e rest of us as the gap widens; and leaving us to run the pursuit of happiness only to receive the only thing that is guaranteed, death and taxes.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Spiritual Needs Among Patients with Cancer and Family

Running head: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF SPIRITUAL Prevalence and Associated Factors of Spiritual Needs Among Patients With Cancer and Family Caregivers Prevalence and Associated Factors of Spiritual Needs Among Patients With Cancer and Family Caregiver Problem Statement Identify cancer patients and their caregivers spiritual needs and measure the prevalence of these spiritual needs. The patients and their caregivers can have similar spiritual needs that may require care. However, a nurse’s help with these spiritual needs, may not always be wanted. So how does the nurse identify the spiritual needs? If and when these needs are identified, how is the nurse to approach these needs? Study Purpose This study is significant to nursing because it reveals â€Å"nurses must be educated to recognize and nurture various spiritual needs† (Johnston Taylor, 2006, p. 734). Research Questions 1. ) How prevalent are the spiritual needs of patients with cancer and family caregivers, from their perspective? 2. ) What demographic and illness-related factors are associated with type and frequency of perceived spiritual needs? . ) What are the patients’ and family caregivers’ expectations regarding nurses addressing their spiritual needs? ((Johnston Taylor, 2006, p. 730) Hypothesis/Hypotheses The study hypothesis is all people have spiritual needs, but the importance varies as do their beliefs. The desire for nurses to assist in these spiritual needs vary according to what is the patient’s religion, are they an inpatient , and perception of an incurable disease. Study Variables The independent variable is the questionnaire. The dependent variables are the research participants. Conceptual Model/Theoretical Framework A theoretical framework was used to guide this study by examining peoples definition of spiritual needs, surveying oncology nurses, and looking at studies done measuring spiritual needs of cancer patients. The Institute of Medicine defined spiritual needs as â€Å"the needs and expectations that humans have to find meaning, purpose and value in their life† ((Murray, Kendall, Boyd, Worth, & Benton, 2004, p. 730). Whether religious or not, all people have various ways of believing to give their life purpose and meaning. Some may connect spiritually with what they call a higher power, nature, or other human beings. A survey was done in 1995 with 181 oncology nurses and their perception of patients spiritual needs. They identified factors as patients talking about God or faith, meaning of life, or hopelessness or guilt. But â€Å"also identified more subtle expressions of spiritual need (e. g. , anxiety, anger, restlessness, sadness, withdrawal, difficulty coping)† ((Johnston Taylor, Amenta, & Highfield, 1995, p. 730). There have been many studies done measuring spiritual well-being and quality of life, but there has been only one that focused on the spiritual needs of those with cancer. ((Moadel et al. , 1999, p. 730) Review of Related Literature The literature supports the need for this study because all people believe in spirituality in some form and have needs. Cancer patients in previous studies have discussed their spiritual well-being and quality of life, but only one study focused on their spiritual needs. As healthcare providers we need to become educated to these spiritual needs and how to address them. Study Design This study is a descriptive design because of the need to gain more information about spiritual needs in cancer patients and their family caregivers. And also if patients require or request a nurse’s care regarding their spiritual needs. At least 2 threats to the internal validity of this design would be selection due to inadequate number of non-Euro-Americans in the study and mortality due to the small number of research participants at 156 cancer patients and 68 family caregivers. There were no threats found to the external validity of this study design. Sample and Setting The sample included 156 cancer patients and 68 family caregivers. This sample of research participants represented the target population for this study by focusing on individuals and their family affected by cancer and their spiritual needs. The setting was appropriate because each individual was given the option to speak face to face with a research team member or take home the Spiritual Interests Related to Illness Tool (SpIRIT) questionnaire. They all chose the questionnaire that was developed specifically for this study. Each participant completed the questionnaire without help from the research team and then returned to a neutral party that was not a member of the research team and chosen by the institutional research board. Identification and Control of Extraneous Variables The one extraneous variable noted was the SpIRIT questionnaire had not be offered prior to this study. By using a neutral party to receive the completed questionnaires helped alleviate potential problems. Study Instruments/Tools Used the Spiritual Interests Related to Illness Tool (SpIRIT) questionnaire Data Collection/Methods The data collection methods were appropriate for this study because of offering this study without pressure to participate and to remain anonymous. Data Analysis Procedures The data analysis procedure was appropriate for this type of data collected because they measured the central tendency (average) from the SpIRIT and the Information About You form; checked all SpIRIT items and removed one item that correlated poorly; and performed a factor analysis to determine SpIRIT validity. Then computed coefficient alphas. Strengths The 2 major strengths of the scientific merit of this study were: * â€Å"Those that who perceive more spiritual needs may be most receptive to nurses’ spiritual caregiving ((Johnston Taylor, 2006, p. 733) * â€Å"Religious people (as indicated by frequency of attendance at religious services) not only are more apt to consider spiritual needs important but also have more * Desire for nurses’ assistance with such needs ((Johnston Taylor, 2006, p. 733) Limitations The 2 major limitations of the scientific merit of this study were: * Samples of patients and family caregivers were from cancer patients that were not life threatening. SpIRIT was a new test performed. Extent that study findings are valid are evidenced by the spiritual needs cancer patients and their family caregivers do have. The study findings are practical for nursing practice and education because the analysis suggest cancer patients that may be a higher risk for spiritual distress and would benefit from a more-focused spiritual assessment. Implications Implications for practice would be to include admission questions related to the patients spiritual beliefs and/or values; any special needs related to religion or spirituality. And follow-up to have their needs met, record on patient electronic medical record for all involved in care to continue same care throughout patient stay. Implications for education would be attend classes related to cultural and religious differences, meanings and needs. Implications for research would be to extend this study to a larger group and different cultures, religions, and terminally ill. References Johnston Taylor, E. (2006). Prevalence and Associated Factors of Spiritual Needs Among Patients With Cancer and Family Caregivers. Oncology Nursing Forum, 33 (4), 729-735. Johnston Taylor, E. , Amenta, M. & Highfield, M. (1995). Spiritual care practices of oncology nurses. Oncology Nursing Forum, 22(), 31-39. Moadel, A. , Morgan, C. , Fatone, A. , Grennan, J. , Carter, J. , & Laruffa, G. et al. (1999). Seeking meaning and hope: Self-reported spiritual and existential needs among an ethnically diverse cancer patient population. Psycho-Oncology, 8, 378-385. Murray, S. , Kendall, M . , Boyd, K. , Worth, A. , & Benton, T. (2004). Exploring the spiritual needs of people dying of lung cancer or heart failure: A prospective qualitative interview study of patients and their carers. Palliative Medicine, 18(), 39-45.

Tension between Idealism and Naturalism Assignment

Tension between Idealism and Naturalism - Assignment Example Naturalism involves the observation of science and relevant impact of it to the society. Naturalism is an ideology that everything in the universe is a product of physical stuff or nature. It shows that there is nothing supernatural in the world, and everything could be explained using application of hard and soft sciences. It is a method of truth-seeking within the society and has an impact on the public policy. It doesn’t mean the denial of human spirituality but an embrace of real spirituality. Naturalism clashes with idealism in the sense that, it suggests humans are like stardust and their atoms exchanged with the rest of the Earth system. It connects humans to nature and shows the sense of its feeling to the universe. The greatest Greek artist Praxiteles used the idealism to explain the charm of his work to the society by representing the god Hermes holding the young Dionysus on his arm playing with him. The idea shows the Greek art expansion within a short period. In Praxiteles works, there are no traces of rigidity but depicts that god stands before us in a relaxed pose that does not impair his dignity. Praxiteles shows the society the hinges of the body to improve the understanding and clarity of his work. He wants to bring to bring to reality in his idealistic styles the impression of a living body in all its grace and beauty. It is important to understand that Praxiteles and other Greek artists achieved the Hermes beauty through knowledge. Hence a quote â€Å"no living body quite as symmetrical, well-built and beautiful as those of the Greek status†.

Not Specified Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Not Specified - Essay Example On the other hand, when there is high capital resource then more investments could be made to set up the best production procedures and service provision systems, to enable them offer nothing but the best products to the consumer hence helping them build a strong customer base. It is however also important to notice that, the existence of these things such as capital and human resource which is seen as the basis of success and growth of a firm by many people would be useless when there are no consumers to consume the products or services been produced. In other words, it is the existence of consumers which determines whether or not the large human and capital resources possessed by a firm is needed or not. When firms are able to build a strong and established customer base, these customers help these firms to produce new and innovative products and services as a result of been able to identify some other needs of their customers and capitalizing on the trust built in them by their customers as a result of the long lasting relationship between the firm and its customers. Apart from these established customers leading or helping a firm to produce more innovative products, they can also help in improving already existing ones. From the article, you would realize that Hercules business as a result of supplying its military customers with explosives, gave them a good insight into the activities of their established customers, helped them in analyzing and figuring out some other needs or things their established customers need to be supplied with or use in their operation. This lead to the production of new companies such as the turpentine and pine oil and these products immediately after been introduced into the market had ready consumers for them since its production was motivated by the needs of some customers. This is

Code-switching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Code-switching - Essay Example ssrooms, previous studies in code-switching have failed to try and focus on the various factors that are seen to affect the bilingual international students that are striving to try and learn English in universities. The data collected in the study was able to show that the primary factor that influences code switching among students in foreign language classrooms is a general incompetence in the second language. The study was able to find that students would often code-switch when they did not know the appropriate English word that would adequately convey their meaning. Bista (2010) was also able to identify a number of other secondary reasons as to why students often used code-switching in the classroom, these include; an attempt by the students to maintain privacy while conversing with other students from their home countries, to help in avoiding any misunderstanding as well as in the event that the students happen to be unfamiliar with the correct English word that can accurately convey the information they wish to pass across. At the end the journal article, Bista (2010) argues that code-switching can prove to be an extremely useful strategy in improving classroom interaction and can even increase the degree of English competency if it is not used excessively. Bista, K. (2010). Factors of Code Switching among Bilingual English Students in the University Classroom: A Survey.  Online Submission,  9(29), 1-19. Retrieved from

Style Change in the Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Style Change in the Management - Case Study Example The case study of the Gate Gourmet affair had become the subject matter of study for several management experts and consultant groups to have a re-look into the different traditional processes of the whole management philosophy and arrive at new angles and ideas about the management of the corporate bodies. The changes in the style of management adopted by the company had evolved a detailed study of the management in all its perspectives and this paper attempts to bring about the important aspects of the study of the art and science of management with its old and new approaches after the Gate Gourmet affair. The act, manner or practice of managing comprises of the areas of policy and administration. The term management also encompasses the people that provide the direction and supervision necessary to control and monitor the implementation of the organizational objectives. Irrespective of the size of the organization the management becomes an important aspect of pursuing the business policies. Coordinating - and directing the various people connected with the organization through motivation, communication, leadership and channelising the efforts of all people to accomplish the organizational objectives Controlling - "is a four-step process of establishing performance standards based on the firm's objectives, measuring and reporting actual performance, comparing the two, and taking corrective or preventive action as necessary." (Bernard L. Erven 1994) 2.1 Development of New Management Thinking: While the traditional school of management philosophy identified the different functions that contribute to an effective management, there are some new thoughts have been evoked in the field of managements studies. According to Davenport and Prusak (2003) implementing the right idea at the right time can be the difference between success and failure for even established companies. After spending considerable time in research in the area of idea generation, the authors opine that companies that could implement new management ideas are bound to be more efficient in their operations, remain effective in their outlook towards business issues and they also adopt innovative techniques in their performance in different functional areas. This way these companies are able to outperform their competitors. Strategy is often considered a major part of the total management activity. Strategic thinking and Strategic Management are the most important activities undertaken by any business organization. Evans et al (2003) describe the term strategy to consist the following elements as put forth by Mintzberg: Plan: implies some activity which is

Criminal justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Criminal justice - Essay Example The application of GIS will increase and enhance criminal analysis capacities and law enforcement operation. Law enforcement agencies have been using GIS since early 1970s (Albert & Leipnik, 2003). In 1970s, technological advancements in the field of computers made computerized pin mapping available only to large police agencies. These systems were complex and required mainframe computers in order to be operational. The development of client server technology in 1980s made it possible for GIS to be obtainable at inexpensive cost. However, it was in 1990s when GIS technology progressed because of strong, efficient personal computers that were capable of handling considerable amounts of data. When implementing GIS, the organization will require efficient and enhanced computer systems to manage the rising number of records in their database. It will be essential to provide the staff with consistent power backup, archival gadgets and software, good quality printer having the ability to give color prints, user responsive GIS mapping software (Asbell, 2003). The law enforcement agency will be required to buy and install several copies of the mapping and provide it to the crime analyst. Advance computer networks will be required in order to connect to its own local network as well as countrywide network in order to distribute and share the data in all the existing departments of the organization (Burns, Leipnik, & Evans, 2003). This will enable all crime analysts to exchange data and examine all the reports. The computer system has to be aided with Computer Dispatch System to make the records management efficient and operational (Messina & May, 2003). The purpose of GIS is to successfully handle and control resources; offer enhanced and improved situational alertness, make more knowledgeable and up to date assessments in an appropriate manner, increase planned and functional planning, effective communication, understanding the crime in a

Effective Treatment for Incarcerated Addicts Research Paper

Effective Treatment for Incarcerated Addicts - Research Paper Example In this report we will look into the effective ways to control the addiction the ways to prevent it in future. Today in United States, there are around seven to eight million people who are suffering with the problem of drug or alcohol addictions. The problem is constantly increasing day by day. Several forms of measure are taken to stop them from this addiction. One measure which is popular and considered ethical is the idea of home confinement of the addict. The offenders are allowed to stay with their family under their supervision and control. They are popularly called as ‘incarcerated addicts’. Our topic of discussion is the effective modes of treatment for the incarcerated addicts. The level of supervision accomplished by offenders living in the group relies on upon the supervision obliged or commanded, and the accessibility and utilization of projects in their general vicinity. Some live in shelter and others weigh in day by day at a day reporting focus. Some send in report structures once a month and hear nothing from their overseeing officers if there has been no change of location or vocation. Others are gone to at their spot of work and arbitrarily give pee inspects that are tried to guarantee the offender is remaining drug and alcohol free. An assortment of group amendments programs has been created, on account of innovative developments that give an additional measurement of overseeing and responsibility for offenders living in the group. This paper takes a look at two of these projects: home confinement and drug medication. It tries to answer those inquiries most often raised about the projects, the advances that help them, and the issues that encompass them, so policymakers can gage how best to utilize home confinement and medicine to build open wellbeing and diminish the danger of re-culpable. In this talk the expression "offender" is utilized to portray somebody who may be some time or another in the criminal equity framework: from those accused of an offense and anticipating trial to the individuals who have as of recently been sentenced, and are serving all or some piece of their sentences in the group. Both home confinement and drug and alcohol medication may be a state of pretrial discharge, of probation or a piece of a master gram that permits early discharge from penitentiary.

The concept of urban flux Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The concept of urban flux - Essay Example Flux came into existence in 1950s with the neo-dada movement that used sound, sight, spectacles and event to explore artistic experience available in those days. This marked the beginning of change in art and urban environment, with more designers engaging into art as a score for performance. In addition, new technological innovations and the unstable urban environment have led to development of new trends flux display. For example, it is now possible to establish pixilated displays on the entire facade of buildings in urban areas. Transit vehicles as well can be used as mobile billboard as they move around the city (Hack, 2011). There are a number of ways in which urban flux has contributed into the current urban experience. The first one is that fluxes act as tourist’s attraction. For instances, by 1970s, Times Square was one of the places avoided by New Yorkers and tourist since it had become the hideout for criminal and sex workers (Hack, 2011). Despite the many attempts t o clear the unfortunate reputation the situation did not change, not until, designers came up with a plan they referred to as forty-second street now. The plan projected that the ground floor of all the buildings along Times Square streets to be covered with signage. In addition, new zoning rules were created which made it a requirement for every building plan to include signage and all tall building to have a 50 sq ft or more of super signage. Currently, New York Times Square is the most attractive and frequently visited areas in New York. The second one is that flux promotes communication and dissemination of information to a large number of people. This is possible because most of the urban flux displays are along the pedestrian pathways. For example, the Berlin wall paintings and Democracy wall in Beijing. The third advantage of urban flux is that it helps to create an attachment between the residents of a place and its environment. For instance, public art can symbolize a lost history of a place or engaging the public in its creation (Hack, 2011). Lastly, flux can bring back to life neglected and transitional parts of a city. A program on mural Arts in Philadelphia has significantly assisted in transforming parts of the city that were once abandoned. Urban flux, however, is associated with a number of ethical and legal issues. The first one is that, in most cases, temporary signage tends to persist even after building construction is completed. The second issue is an argument that advertisement fluxes on street benches and stands make the city untidy. The third one suggests that urban flux allow display of adverts that promotes unacceptable social practices such as beer drinking. The last one is that urban flux, especially the mural program does not clearly outline the rights entailed to an artist’s work ownership and maintenance terms. The fifth one is that some murals may be offensive in a way. Moreover, there are difficulties encountered in regu lating flux. For instance, the controversies on whether a fully pixilated facade is a sign or an element, a commercial billboard or art. The other difficult issue is determining the duration temporary elements should remain on the construction sites. In addition, it is also not clear if there are

Critique on The Speakers Corner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique on The Speakers Corner - Essay Example However, the police have endeavored to be very tolerant to the speakers and only respond in cases where they have received complaints from member of the public. At times they are forced to intervene on the grounds of profanity which involves the use of offensive language. The speaker’s corner in Britain was established as a result of the increased struggles for civil liberties and a quest for a more democratic society. The speakers’ corner has provided great opportunity for people to express themselves and have their views heard by many listeners across the global. The minority groups, who do not have any other platform to address their concerns, have benefited from the speakers’ corner since it has granted them a chance to be heard. However, the popularity and strength of the speakers’ corner has been eroded by the rapidly emerging trend of blogging and the use of other social media platforms in communicating personal views and opinions. In the current set-up, speakers’ corner is set loose its meaning and will soon become a thing of the past if the current trend is to

Alcoholic Anonymous Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic Anonymous Essay What I learned from Alcoholic Anonymous is that AA is meant for people who promise that they will never drink again and they drink again anyways. Its singleness purpose identifies that alcoholics work best with other alcoholics and the only difference from the twelve step fellowships out there is the first part of the first step and the middle part of the twelfth step. What I am powerless over and who we carry the message too? Many alcoholics in AA raise their hands introducing themselves as alcoholics, but never knew what it meant. In the Speakers meeting the groups felt really connected with the speaker, and gave him their full-undivided attention. The groups focused solely on the speaker and no one else, it was mainly white, black, and Hispanic men and women of all different ages starting from their early twenties up to their mid fifties. Around thirty people attended on October 21st at eight o’clock. The meeting was very humorous the speaker knew how to relate to the AA members by bringing his personal life experiences with alcohol to distribute his indication on the importance of sobriety. The speaker knew how to make the environment funny, happy, and outgoing. The speaker often referred to the Big Book specifying the hopeless condition and mind of the body. The first step is understanding the problem, the solution, and the program of action to bring back the solution. The main reason the speaker joined AA was because he could not imagine not drinking at all. The Big Book states that unless identification takes place then little or nothing can be accomplished. For the speaker the first step is the key in following through all the other steps. The question the speaker raised was what does it mean to be an alcoholic? He mentioned that one happens when he drinks it and the other happens when he does not drink it. Other than that he had a pretty good way of handling alcohol. The speaker always knew when to state his jokes. He described alcoholism as a physical allergy coupled with a mental obsession. The phenomenon the he craves when he wants a drink never occurs in the average drinker. This triggered a phenomenon craving to desire alcohol. An allergy meant that it was an abnormal physical reaction and the manifestation always showed up. The body of an alcoholic is quite abnormal as its mind. He got to AA not knowing how to explain his behaviors, and why he kept promising that he was not going to drink anymore and does it again repeatedly. The speaker always stated that he never knew the reason why he did it, his only reason was that he just did. Alcohol triggered a craving bigger than him that he couldn’t overcome. Men and women drink because they like the effect produced by alcohol. The sensation was so illusive for him that the quantities and qualities started to move around. The sensation he received from alcohol was so strong that he could not differentiate the truth from the false. Today looked a whole lot like yesterday and yesterday looked a whole lot like last week and it seemed that he was doing just enough to get by. The speaker viewed his alcoholic life as the only normal one. His observations to the way he reacts to alcohol wouldn’t mean him anything if he didn’t take the first drink. The alcohol craving is in his mind rather than in his body. His physical allergy to alcohol is not his biggest problem his biggest problem is that he gets restless, irritable, and discontented. All his problem happen to him when he is sober, and his main problem was that he could not stop starting because his problems will not go away when he stops drinking. He couldn’t choose whether he was going to drink or not. He related to the audience that he loved pawned shops because it was a pure equation to him. He could walk in with a deer rifle and walk out with the money. He never had a pawnbroker ask him what is he going to do with the money. His only problem was that he did not own a lot of stuff so he had to pawn things that did not belong to him. This created hard feelings around his family. He was poorly treated as a child that he finally ran away at the age of 47, and never went back. I learned that alcoholics make awesome plans but their plans work right up to where they don’t work anymore. The speaker tried to pull some kind of scam that would get everything out of the pawnshop. He pulled an insurance scam and had enough money to get everything out but had to stop for one drink and he was blackout for five days and only remembers 30 seconds of it. He lost the power of choice and control. His life was becoming unmanageable and his first step was to admit he could not manage drinking.

Child Obesity Problem Essay Example for Free

Child Obesity Problem Essay Abstract.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Child obesity has been a serious issue in America. Approximately a 1/3 of children populations are overweight or risk becoming overweight. Children are eating unhealthy foods with minimal nutritional value and the physical education programs are being cut of the school day. Since these are the major causes of obesity they spell doom for America. The Bill no S. 100 also known as Healthy Students Act of 2007 was introduced by Barbara Boxer the California Senator who is also an advocate of children and families. (www.govtrack.us). It advocates for the health of children in schools by promoting better nutrition and increased physical activities. American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Heart Association (AHA) support it. Major causes of obesity are lack of physical exercise combined with poor diet. A balance must be struck so that calorie intake does not outdo calorie utilization. Children need to burn up calories through physical activities. They should not over rely on inactive leisure activities like watching television, surfing the net and playing video games Childhood obesity is associated to various health effects like hypertension, diabetes and respiratory diseases illnesses for instance diabetes and high blood pressure. It is therefore an important national bill that will help save the children of America. However, its implementation could be delayed due to the legislative process that could take time. Again the taxpayers who are expected to fund it might oppose it. The Healthy Students Act of 2007 Bill no S. 100 is a bill that encourages the healthy of children in schools by promoting better nutrition and increased physical activities. It is a national bill that was sponsored by Barbara boxer of CA on January 4th 2007. (www.govtrack.us)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bill requires the establishment of a pilot program providing grants to school districts or non-profit organizations for use in promoting healthy food alternatives under the school lunch and school breakfast programs. It amends the Public Health Service Act to establish a student loan forgiveness program for nurses who agree to employment as full-time nurses in elementary or secondary schools for 3 complete years. It also amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow corporations a tax deduction for the charitable contribution to a private foundation of exercise or gymnasium equipment for use by elementary and secondary school students.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The proposed policy is a federal legislation to be enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives. The legislation is very realistic and can therefore be successfully implemented. The federal government is expected to sponsor it. Currently it has been referred to the committee of finance and is in the process of deliberation. The proposal affects all people as it focuses on schools, which are heterogeneous in terms of gender, color or race. Members of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Heart Association (AHA) who supported the Healthy School Act in New York State support the policy. The American Diabetes Association is the nation’s leading 501(c) 3 non-profit health organization that provides diabetes research, information and advocacy. The American Heart Association is a national voluntary health agency whose mission is to build healthier lives free from cardiovascular diseases and stroke. (www.americaheart.org) Barbara Boxer who introduced it supports it. She is the current senator of the state of California. She has been an advocate of children and family and it would suffice to say that she represents Californian as well as the children. The AHA and ADA represent the promotion of healthier lifestyles for children. They are concerned about the increased health risks associated with changing lifestyles for Americans and are focused to promote the good health of children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To support their positions the three parties have their arguments. Senator Boxer proposed the bill because children are eating unhealthy foods with minimal nutritional value and the physical education programs are being cut of the school day. AHA is concerned with promoting healthy lifestyles and lowering cholesterol levels through diet and physical exercise as well as preventing children from having cholesterol related health problems when they grow into adulthood. Americans should not be surprised by this policy. First, obesity in children is an issue that has attracted their concern and the dietary guidelines provided have been amended from section 9(a) of Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C 1758 a))   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This proposal is likely to be opposed by the local taxpayers. To fund proposal taxes may be imposed on them reducing their disposable incomes. Being forced to pay higher taxes may see them oppose the bill. Costs would be incurred as the programs to grow own food in schools and hiring of more physical education teachers would be incorporated. Another challenge that the bill faces is the legislative process, which may delay. The committees may reject them for instance the senate finance may hinder its proceeding from one position to the next.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obesity among children has been increasing at alarming rates. People have adapted sedentary lifestyles and are not keen on the nutritional requirements of food. Convenience plays an important role in determining the food that one consumes. Approximately a 1/3 of children populations are overweight or risk becoming overweight. Childhood obesity is associated to various health effects like hypertension, diabetes and respiratory diseases. The major cause of obesity is lack of physical exercise combined with poor diet. (www.mayoclinic.com).   A balance must be struck so that calorie intake does not outdo calorie utilization. Although obesity in children affects people of all races, gender or color it has been observed that Africa American and Mexican American children are more likely to be overweight compared to non-Hispanic whites. It therefore suffices to say that people of color or the minority groups are more affected by obesity. Children of poor families are also more likely to be obese.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Regular consumption of pre-packaged food, fast food, soft drinks can cause obesity as they have quantities of calories and sugars. Consumption of vegetables and legumes is beneficial as they can help check on weight and cardiovascular diseases. Children are a critical population that needs more nutrients than human beings for their growth and development. Improving on the diet and exercising levels can help protect children’s health both at the current levels and in future. (Www.mayoclinic.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Physical exercises help burn out excess calories in the body. This helps reduce chances of acquiring illnesses for instance diabetes and high blood pressure. They also contribute to healthy bones and muscles. Children need to burn up calories through physical activities. (www.kidshealth.org).   They should not over rely on inactive leisure activities like watching television, surfing the net and playing video games. Families must play an important role in ensuring that their children stay healthy. Parents have a major role to play in influencing their children’s health. Parents are responsible for shopping and cooking in their homes and they determine the lifestyles to be adapted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They also set examples of the eating patterns as well as exercising patterns that to be adopted by their children. Parents should engage their children parents should engage their children in physical activities like swimming and jogging while at the same time ensuring that they provide healthy diets. Incorporating fruits and vegetables in their diets will be beneficial. Parents can also ensure that their children take food that is enough or that they eat with moderation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Mayo Clinic website section on childhood explains the signs, causes and problems that are associated with childhood obesity. It also provides ways by which families can control and prevent obesity in children. (www.mayoclinic.com). Another important website that addresses the costs and consequences that obese children face as well as their potential future with obesity and the weight related health care issue is the Junk Food Science. The Kids Health website provides important in-depth information to parents on how they should maintain their children’s health. It addresses the issues related to childhood obesity and its effects. Obesity in America organization website addresses the obesity issues. It focuses more on medical reasons for obesity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obesity in children increases their healthcare expenditure compared to non-obese children. Obese children are more likely to have laboratory-screening tests as medical staff belief that they are at greater risks. Their blood pressure levels or lab values for cholesterol are higher than for normal healthy children translating to the increased costs. They are screened for blood pressure, sleep apnea and orthopedic abnormalities. (Junkfoodscience.blogspot.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Advocacy groups that can be useful in combating obesity in the US include the Endocrine society and The Hormone foundation. The Endocrine society is the world’s largest and most active professional organization of endocrinologists in the world and it is dedicated to promoting excellence in research, education and clinical advancements in the endocrinology field. The hormone foundation is an affiliate of the endocrine society and its very important in disseminating information. It has established programs on childhood or pediatric obesity. It works hand in hand with the Congress and Federal agencies that impact policies dealing with obesity. (www.obesityinamerica.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parents should be create time to prepare nutritious foods for their children. They should not opt for the quick fix that can harm their children’s health. Obese children can have problems with their self esteem as they can be teased or bullied by their classmates. Obesity in children causes psychological problems to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overweight children can have bone and joint problems. They increase their chances of developing asthma and they can experience shortness of breath making physical activities more difficult. They have restless or disordered sleep patterns that can affect their development. Tendency to mature earlier is also reported in overweight children and overweight girls tend to have irregular menstrual cycles and fertility problems in their later days. A stitch in time saves nine and adverse overweight effects can be counted if appropriate measures are taken.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schools have contributed to the increased numbers of obese and overweight children in America. Lesser time is allocated to physical education programs and some schools have cut it altogether. Sedentary lifestyles in children have consequently aggravated. Although genetics may contribute to obesity in children, the impact may be reduced if physical exercises and strict dietary measures are followed. It could be difficult to establish if an obese child born of obese parents is obese due to the genetic factor or due to the family lifestyles. (Www.kidshealth.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parents should set good examples by adhering to appropriate diets as well as participating in exercises. They should not reward good behavior with sweets as they have high sugar levels. Educating the children about the importance of healthy diets is necessary. Children could rebel if ultimate elimination of sweets, snacks or candies is done. They could find ways to access such foods in absence of their parents. Again imposing a specific physical activity on them should be avoided and a variety should be included.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The media plays an important role in favoring ‘unhealthy food’. children who see people favoring foods in fast foods or in cartoon shows have the mentality that such food is appropriate. They urge their parent’s to offer them such foods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Children should eat more fruits, vegetables and whole grains. They also ought to get 30-60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercises each day depending on their age. (www.kidshealth.org). Grains provide energy needs for the child and includes whole meal bread, cereals and pasta. They give children energy to play and carry out important activities. Vegetables provide minerals and vitamins needed for good health. They also provide fiber that is important in aiding digestion. Milk is important as it provides vitamin A, D, calcium and proteins. Fats should be used sparingly on children. (Www.kidshealth.org)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the bill might never make it out of the committee or could be revised and incorporated in an already existing bill, I think this is a very applicable policy that can help save American children the consequences of obesity. Disseminating proper information to people through the media can work to curb child obesity. People should also take their own initiative to fight child obesity. References: Mayo Clinic staff. 2007. Childhood obesity. Retrieved on 23rd February 2008 from   http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/childhood-obesity/DS00698 Sandy Szwarc. 2007. Retrieved on 23rd February 2008 from   http://junkfoodscience.blogspot.com/2007/01/fat-children-burdens.html Endocrine Society and The Hormone Foundation. 2008.Retrieved on 23rd February 2008 from http://www.obesityinamerica.org/aboutus.html The Nemours Foundation. 2008. Kids Health. Retrieved on 23rd February 2008 from http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/ GovTrack.US. 2008. S. 100: Healthy Students Act of 2007. Retrieved on 23rd February 2008 from http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=s110-100

Impact of Spanish Civil War on Surrealism Art

Impact of Spanish Civil War on Surrealism Art   This investigation assesses the significance of surrealist artists responses to the Spanish Civil War and how the experiences of the horrific event were documented visually. In order to evaluate such significance, this investigation examines the impact the events the war had on surrealist art in Spain, through the use of primary recounts of the wars impact on art and visual art history, mostly focusing on works by Salvador Dalà ­ and Pablo Picasso who became world renowned for their contribution. The Spanish Civil War broke out in the summer of 1936, as did the revolution within surrealist art. It was an event that did not just affect people locally, but on an international scale. Although, European art in general was impacted by the war, this investigation will not examine the effect the war had on continental surrealism, thus will only focus on Spanish artists and their work. As the leading artists in this movement were the Spanish born artists Picasso and Dali, they will be the central focus. Two of the sources used in this essay will assess are Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War by Robin Adà ¨le Greenley and The Secret Life of Salvador Dalà ­ by Salvador Dalà ­ will be evaluated for their origins, purposes, values and limitations. This investigation does not assess the difference in ideologies (Republicanism versus Nationalism) tearing apart Spain, nor does it assess other surrealist art movements in literature, philosophy, film, architecture or music. Background on the Spanish Civil War The summer of 1936 marked the beginning of a landmark event within modern European history: the Spanish Civil War, inviting with it a three-year tumultuous period of terror, destruction and persecution, shattering the nation. Its deep rooting ideological confrontations resulted in the intense commitment of all its participants and the loss of over half a million Spanish lives acted as a stimulus to the various international surrealist movements of the time, inspiring artists of all cultures. The creative energy focused on portraying political ideologies and illusions, the social idealisms and the military take on modern warfare, documenting the hopes and despair of the participants in this Kafkaesque war. The fall of the crumbling Spanish Monarchy and the dissatisfying Second Republic, and the electoral success of the leftist Popular Front, a rebellion against the newly elected government erupted. The Falange or the Nationalists, lead by General Franco, conducted a nationwide revolt, alongside General Mola. They managed to seize the key cities in Northern Spain, including Madrid. The Catalan and Basque country, both known for their persistent separatist movement, anarchism and socialism, unsurprisingly sided and remained loyal to the Republic. This politically polarized Spain, dividing the country into the Nationalist and Republicans. Mostly socialists, separatists, artists and intellectuals sided with Republicans. Franco wanted to follow Mussolinis example and establish a secular conservative regime and was supported mostly by the conservatives, the military, the royalists and the Clergy. Even though the Church and the Falange experienced some friction, they continued to remain in their marriage of convince because the Republic was seen as antidisestablishmentarian and lethally temporal. The Nationalists rose against the electoral Popular Front government and finally over threw it. The interferences from external powers such as Germany and the Soviet Union dragged out the war and worsened the conflict. Horrific events which paralyzed the country, such as the annihilation of the Basque country by the German Luftwaffes Blitzkrieg, served as inspiration which sparked the notion of a world exhibition in France, in 1937. The section dedicated to Spain was known was the Pavilion. Many artists, such as Dali, Picasso and Renau were asked to participate; each created a response to the many atrocities which occurred in the past year of the war. It was the first exhibition of its kind, prompting propaganda from countries such as Spain. Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War Surrealism, with no exact definition due to its ambiguous nature, is known for imaginative eccentricity and became a major movement in the late 1920s and throughout 1930s Europe; mostly in places like Germany and Spain. The twisted yet fantastic reality which surrealism creates is seen as an escape from the actual reality. Surrealist artist art is considered to be closely connected with Freudian psychological analysis, claiming that such warped art is an insight into a deeper psyche. The surrealist works of the Andalusian painters Dalà ­ and Picasso (amongst others) became signatures of the satirical content of the war, acting as world informants of the paralyzing happenings within the country. Although both artists had very different notions of surrealism, both artists depict the war in a grotesque, incomprehensible, violent and audacious manner which reflected the Civil War in all its accuracy. It can be concluded that the war distorted many perspectives of reality. Traditional elements of surrealism stemmed from the Dadaism movement and were subjected to metamorphosis by many artists who incorporated components from cubism, impressionism, Enlightenment and post impressionism as well as various other movements. In its purest form, surrealism had little or no affect on the civil war, in fact, prior to the war, it was much more submissive and discerning. However, the introduction of war perverted the movement in Spain most notably by Dalà ­s Autumn Cannibalism (1936) (fig. 2) and Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War (July, 1936) (fig. 1) and Picassos Guernika (1937) (fig. 3). Such works were considered a mutation and mockery of works of artists from previous movements like El Greco whose work was considered contemporary for his time. The Spanish surrealist art culture became a symbol of the Spanish Civil War as well as its leftist orientation and the Republic. This demonstrated the highly interlinked nature of political and cultural developments in 1930s Spain. Architects, like Alphonse Laurencic, drew inspiration from the twisted works of Dali, Kandinsky and Klee among others to invent a form of psychotechnic torture found in the mind-bending prison-cells and torture chambers of Barcelona and elsewhere, built in 1938. Jose Millicua suggested that through the use of the psychological properties of colors and geometric abstraction found in these works, Laurencic created a hell that would physically distort and mentally disturb the victim connecting the growing art culture with the growing militaristic government. Section C Evaluation of Sources [400w] Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War was written by Robin Adà ¨le Greenley, a respected art historian, currently Latin American Studies professor at the Connecticut University. The book, published in 2006 by Yale University Press, New Haven, is a critical interpretation of Surrealist art works by five artists, including, Dali and Picasso. The purpose of Greenleys work is an attempt to unravel the correspondence between aesthetics and politics during the Spanish Civil War and focuses on surrealist aspects of the war, how they differed and were affected by the intense struggle plaguing the country. The value of the book is that there is a clear study of the correlation between the art and the events which took place. It is a secondary source, designed mainly for the purpose of educating. Greenley intimately analyzes how artistic practice offers unique insight into the cataclysmic debacle of war. The limitation of the book from a historical perspective are the existence of some peculia rities in relation to its subject because she examines the surrealist artists and their work immaculately, but fails to draw strong parallels between the political situation of the time and the drastic change of the movement. Her work, although useful, is mostly suited for contemporary aesthetics and critical theory. The Secret Life of Salvador Dalà ­ was written by Salvador Dali (published in 1942 in its original French, then in 2000, translated into English by Haakon M. Chevalier). The purpose of this source is a memoire, allowing an inside scope to Dalis life. The sources value is that it is a direct account from the leading artist of the Surrealist movement, providing the historian with a unique and personal insight as how the war impacted him and his work. Dali is considered one of the few misunderstood artists of his time and here the idea that his genius saves him from chaos allows us to understand him more. The book allows a deeper understanding of the awesome painter. It is a primary source and therefore is subjected to personal prejudice. Taking into account that the source is a personal memoire, Dali has grandiose his life and placed a very positive theme to everything he did with is ingenious use of words. This highlights the limitations of the source. However, he acknowledges some o f this over-the-top heroism on his part in the central chapters of his prose as false memories. The memoir written only three years after the war, and passions were still running high in Spain while many people were trying to exonerate themselves from the general violence and anarchy. Section D Analysis [650w] Both the civil war and the surrealist art movement are closely connected and referred to by Greenley, as the publics awakening of politics and pictures in the politically polarized Spain. It is an accurate description of the relationship between the cultural and political aspects of the war, pointing out how closely connected the two were, although they are often treated as two separate issues within the 1930s. Common Themes in Surrealist Art Spains political polarization was that of artistic polarization too. The Spanish artistic culture were more than just a visual voice of the wars terrors; they took a more proactive role within the war, thus recording and commenting on the accounts of the petrifying events from a firsthand perspective. The perversion of the surrealist art movement was done in a manner that possibly was perfectly collaborated between all artists. There is no evidence that suggests this, however. The idea of the body as a political metaphor for the country, the people, the artist, for the audience to relate to was simply a trend that caught on. The lewd art united the people, it was not only those who were suffering on Spanish soils, but those who had suffered from the previous war and the various other struggles that were happening concurrently or had passed recently. The surrealistic art evolved and functioned in ways that one can relate his stylistic consistencies to his wild political swings Both Gr eenley and Dalà ­ agree that that surrealism is the portrayal horrific metaphor for the physical annihilation of life. Prevalent abstract portrayal in surrealist works Fundamental components which make up work such as that of Dalà ­ and Picasso were considered contemporary, even for surrealism and, to some extent, were frowned upon and considered the assassination of painting. These innovative elements found in surrealism seemed to pervert the movement making reality more abhorrent and unnatural, but at the same time it acted as an escape from the living nightmares of their reality allowing life to have a more satirical texture to it. Things such as disembodied humans, genitals, death, destruction, furniture and foods even references to religion and Catholicism became the norm in surrealist works represented the supple irony of the artists lives as well as that of the people; they were painting from their perspective of a war that created a reality for the world that was so obscene, it could not be captured any other way Spains political polarization was that of artistic polarization too. The Spanish artistic culture were more than just a visual voice of the wars terrors; they took a more proactive role within the war, thus recording and commenting on the accounts of the petrifying events from a firsthand perspective. The perversion of the surrealist art movement was done in a manner that possibly was perfectly collaborated between all artists. There is no evidence that suggests this, however. The idea of the body as a political metaphor for the country, the people, the artist, for the audience to relate to was simply a trend that caught on. The lewd art united the people, it was not only those who were suffering on Spanish soils, but those who had suffered from the previous war and the various other struggles that were happening concurrently or had passed recently. The surrealistic art evolved and functioned in ways that one can relate his stylistic consistencies to his wild political swings Both Gr eenley and Dalà ­ agree that that surrealism is the portrayal horrific metaphor for the physical annihilation of life. Use of media Elements of Spanish Surrealism became mostly to do with fascism in a farcical, perverse form of display, causing a ruin of surrealism. This was mostly Dalis movement, joined with other surrealists like Rene Magritte and Max Ernst. Dali, in particular, served as the main revolutionary artist to this complex way of painting. The constant elements of his works were things he found some sort of fascination in as a child such as food, death, the idea of sexuality, the human anatomy, insects, a crutch, and various other strange items which he later turned into a satirical, metaphorical component for his work. The idea of the body as a political metaphor became a fast trend throughout Surrealists work. The body came to represent many concepts of the happenings within their lives. It was a metaphor for the artists body, a body wounded by war and its ritualized combat, personal strife of civilians and artists, of politicized or sexualized body, an indicator of unconscious desires as well as body mechanisms acting as a transgression of avant-garde within the social context. It was created in a fashion as a universal component; anyone and everyone could relate to the art effortlessly. Picassos Guernika (1937) utilized these aspects to create an unconscious conception of war, where the strong prey on the weak as a response to the Pavilion,capturing the violence and the disruptive nature of the confusion of private sexuality. It was a symbol of Guernicas struggle and suffering after its violation by the German Blitzkrieg attack. Dalis Autumn Cannibalism (1936) also took into consideration these components, as well as his signature elements to represent the Kafkaesque idea of the war with a more ironic twist than Picassos art. Dalis work making mockery of bourgeoisie and the subtle grotesque manner in which this war is carried out, an element of sadomasochistic aggression between the two faceless, closely entwined figures that have an almost parasitic feel to them, turning a seemingly amorous kiss into a fatal, inescapable trap; underlining the murderous violence depicted. Artists social and political issues in their work A majority of the art responses to the war were surrealist, proving an obvious correlation between the two events. The war had an overwhelming impact of the surrealist art movement inspiring artists such as Dalà ­ and Picasso throughout Spain. Section E Conclusion [200w] It is evident the Spanish Civil War had an impact on the surrealist visual art movement and altered, significantly, the ways in which the movement was captured. The fundamental elements and secondary components that such works were composed of obtained many satirical and metaphorical characteristics which were impacted very much by the war. Previously, the image of the body as a perverse form of political metaphor was not thought of and therefore rarely appeared in surrealist paintings for the mutation of the body was seen as sacrilegious, and in doing so, the already worrying contemporary art became aesthetically tormenting The perverse maturity of the images from artists such as Dalà ­ and Picasso have been used as ideal examples of this epic movement which altered not only the way people saw their reality but the global ideal of art and art history. The Spanish Civil War did impact surrealist visual art in Spain by forcing the elements of the work not only more uniform among the artists but changed them to represent something more than the war in their minds.

Strategic Bombing During World War 2 :: World War II History

Strategic Bombing During World War 2 "World War 2 was a war fought in two distinct phases. The first was the last war of a new generation. The second was emphatically the first of a new era" . "The British strategic bomber campaign was of doubtful cost effectiveness" . Bomber Command was by far the largest claimant on labour and factory space within the armed forces. Relative to their size they suffered more casualties than any other sector. The Anglo-American bomber force was divided in terms of strategy. Bomber Command believed it was too risky to bomb by day, while the Americans believed it was too difficult to bomb by night. Initially both forces lacked accurate navigational equipment, which deterred them from precision bombing. Germany developed a 'night fighter' force to counteract the bomber fleet. They were equipped with an on board radar, which enabled them to locate the bombers in the darkness. The German industry was sub-divided in an attempt to minimise the effectiveness of bombing raids. Both the Britain and Germany made substantial scientific developments throughout the course of the war. Prior to the development of the Lancaster, the British Air Force lacked a long-range bomber, capable of carrying substantial bomb loads. Wattson Watt foresaw the need for an early detection system; he developed the 'Radiolocation' system, which alerted Britain to invading forces. The German Air Force developed an on board radar, called the 'Metric system', which was equipped to German night fighters. Bomber Harris believed in the theory of 'carpet bombing'. Nick named 'butcher Harris'; he was known as the man who supported such campaigns as Dresden. He believed in breaking the morale of the German people. The strategic bombing campaign significantly shortened the length of the war. It disabled the production industry and weakened the German morale. Between Jan. 12-23 of 1943 President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill meet at Casablanca, to plan the 'future global military strategy for the Western Allies'. The work of the conference was primarily military; deciding on the invasion of Silicy, apportioning forces to the Pacific theatre and outlining major lines of attack in the Far East. Most important of all was Roosevelt's claims for the "unconditional surrender" from Germany, Italy, and Japan. Hamburg was largely responsible for the production of German U-boats. Subsequently it was the target of numerous air raids. In an attempt to protect the fragile industry, three huge anti-aircraft artilleries were built.

Review - Revolting Librarians Redux: Radical Librarians Speak Out :: Essays Papers

Review - Revolting Librarians Redux: Radical Librarians Speak Out Who can resist a book with a chapter titled, "Labia Lumps, Chunky Discharge, and Other Things They Never Taught Me in Library School"? Released this past summer, Revolting Librarians Redux: Radical Librarians Speak Out takes no prisoners as its contributors ponder everything from the backtracking of '60s values by ALA's baby boomers to librarian imagery in erotica. This edited volume is a sequel to a 1972 self-published book titled Revolting Librarians. The original is worth checking out for its historical value alone. The editors of the 2003 volume, Katia Roberto and Jessamyn West gathered essays from ten of the original writers from the 1972 book for this version and it is interesting to see what thirty years has done to these radical librarians. The book contains some of what you would expect in a book by revolting librarians. There are the requisite essays on the suppression of civil liberties through the Patriot Act along with essays detailing the problem of cultural representation in the Library of Congress Subject Headings. And of course, there's something both by and about Sandy Berman, a living legend among progressive librarians. But there are also quite a few surprises. Ever curious about the astrological breakdown of librarians? You'll find an extensive article complete with enough statistics to make you break out your notes from IRLS 506. [Leos dominate the field, with Aquarians an astrological minority.] Another notable essay concerns what services librarians can offer to day laborers. From my perspective as a library graduate student, however, my attention was drawn to the section titled "Library School is Revolting." This collection of essays explores questions such as "Are we really learning the practical skills necessary to be librarians, such as public relations and professional writing?" and "Is accreditation really a big deal?" While I felt fortunate that some of the not-so-subtle digs at library schools didn't really apply too heavily to SIRLS, some of it is familiar enough to make you laugh (or cry). I also felt myself drawn to essays that dealt with the everyday work lives of these revolting librarians. I have not been in the library world my whole life. In fact, I applied to library school less than one month after the idea of becoming a librarian occurred to me for the very first time. Any writings that describe the "real world" of librarianship, therefore, pique my interest.

Macbeth essay :: essays research papers

Macbeth is one of the most gruesome plays ever in the history of theater and play writing. Throughout the play, there were various acts or quotes that gave example of the dark and bloody theme of the play. One of the many themes of this play, is fair is foul, foul is fair. This theme shows how foul play and evil helps the characters succeed in their lives. Many times, this foul play gets the characters into trouble. The theme fair is foul, foul is fair is a great theme to express the feeling and tone set in this play   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the play begins, three witches are gathered together chanting fair is foul, foul is fair. Right in the beginning the mood is set in a gloomy tone. A bloody man then came in to report that Macbeth and Banquo had fought. For Macbeth’s bravery, Duncan made Macbeth thane of Cawdor. This is a good thing because it gave Macbeth more power. The bad part is that later Macbeth will kill Duncan to become king. Not to long after, Macbeth looks at the weather and says, â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen.† This refers to the gloomy weather that has come over, which also helps in setting the tone. In the play, Macbeth also mentions, â€Å"If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir.† This basically means that if Macbeth is crowned as king, he will not have a problem with that, but he is not going to go out of his way to become the king. Lady Macbeth had a few things to do or say, which incorporated into the theme fair is foul, foul is fair. Lady Macbeth is a woman, but is meaner, and fiercer than a man. She also casts spells to make herself even more evil and manly. This phase slowly declines as the play goes on, and she becomes more and more afraid of what she has done. Also, Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to look like an innocent flower, but be serpent under it. This is a great example of fair is foul, foul is fair. She is basically telling Macbeth to look kind and innocent, but to act out his evil that is deep down inside of him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death is also an object used to fit into this theme in various parts of the play.

Week 4

Hey, Bradley, did you get the recommendations for the pay and benefits strategies I sent over? Bradley: Yes, I got them and I'm still looking them over, but they look really good so far. Traci: Great! While you review those, I'd Ilke to have my employees start working on some recommendations for a performance management plan for you. Is that all right? Bradley: That would be great.What Information do you need from me? Traci: I think I have everything I need, but let me Just run through It with you to make sure our Information Is current. Let me pull up my list. 0K†¦ type of business? Bradley: Limousine service. Traci: New location? Bradley: Austin, Texas. Traci: Current location? Bradley: Same place. Traci: Number of employees? Bradley: Plan for 25. Traci: Annual Net Revenue? Bradley: I expect -$50,000 annual net revenue this year. Traci: Revenue growth? Bradley: 5%, for a couple of years.Traci: 0K, that's the information I have on file, so we're good to go there. We'll also nee d to know your turnover rate. Bradley: Sure. I'm going to predict an annual employee turnover rate of 10%. Traci: All right. That should be all the information we need right now to come up with some recommendations for you. We'll get them over to you within the next week or two. Bradley: That sounds great! Traci: 0K, have a great week. Bradley: You too. It's Traci again. This week, I need you to develop a performance management framework to recommend to the client.You'll need to make sure you address the following: Alignment of the performance management framework to the organizational business strategy Organizational performance philosophy The job analysis process you will complete to Identify the skills needed by employees Methods used for measuring the employee's skills Process for addressing skill gaps Approach for delivering effective performance feedback Oh, and make sure to reference my communication with the client for any relevant information. I look forward to seeing what you develop.Thanks, Traci Goldeman Required elements: No more than 1400 words Week 4 By matshea Phone Conversation with Bradley Stonefleld far. Traci: Great! While you review those, I'd like to have my employees start working right? Bradley: That would be great. What information do you need from me? Traci: I think I have everything I need, but let me Just run through it with you to make sure our information is current. Let me pull up my list. 0K†¦ type of business? Bradley: The Job analysis process you will complete to identify the skills needed by

Pizza palace’s restaurant Essay

documentation stock comes in miscellaneous forms for example extort disks and floppy disks. Backing storage is a port competent and pleasant way of saving tuition. To reduce the lay on the line of data loss it is wise to further schooling on the com rambleers sticky deal and make a copy onto a disk or a nonher showcase of keep storage for insurance purposes. Types of backing storage Floppy disks The most public storage device available, these provide exceedingly cheap storage and have a capacity of 1. 5 Mb. Compact harrow (compact dish aerial write-onceOM) These have been apply for some long time as storage devices for computer softw are.It unless rilees information which is already stored on it and is able to store 650 Mb of information. Zip develops A storage device that has become democratic over the last few historic period because it offers the convenience and portability of a floppy disk, combine with a 100 Mb capacity. CD-R and CD-RWThe difference being that CD-R disks stub only have data salvage to them once, While CD-RW can be used in the same manner as other storage devices having data rescue to them on a re-usable basis. DVD (digital assorted disc) using the same basic principles as the CD, DVD packs the data more thick and can store 4.7Gb compared with the CDs 650Mg, can hold 133 minutes of video, with Dolby butt on sound. entropy pens A spick-and-span storage device that plugs into the computers USP drive. These are venial and compact and have a capacity of 80Mb. magnetised Tape Convenient and cheap mass medium for backing up hard disks onto computers. by and large used for mainframe computers for storing information for a long duration. Magnetic tapes result not be competent for a small company handle Craven Plc. Data Protection Craven Plc mustiness keep an eye on with the data protection act in order to hold personal information of customers.The data protection act workings in two ways. It gives you certain rights. It in addition says those who record and use personal information must be open virtually how the information is used and must come after the eight principles for good handling. The eight principles were put in place to make real that your information is handled properly. They say that data must be 1. Fairly and lawfully processed. 2. urbane for limited purposes. 3. Adequate, relevant and not excessive. 4. Accurate. 5. not kept for longer than is necessary. 6. Processed in line with your rights. 7. Secure, and 8.Not transferred to countries without adequate protection. small computers Micro computers include personal computers and laptop computer computers, they are usually equipped with hard disk, floppy disk drive, between 1 and 32 megabytes of memory, a keyboard and a visual display unit unit. Microcomputers will be suitable to put through the ineluctably of Craven Plc. Mainframe Computers These are large constitutions that can hold commodious amounts of data. Mainframe computers occupy a completely floor of a fair surface building. These powerful mainframe computers are usher in in very large companies storing broad amounts of data on to disk.Mainframe computers exist tens of thousands of pounds, therefore they are not suitable for a small business like Craven Plc. File Server This is a specially configured microcomputer to influence the ex shift of deposits between network users. A file server also has more memory and disk storage than modal(prenominal) microcomputers. These classifications of computers are usually based on physical size, speed, processing capabilities, memory size, disc storage, capacities and cost. come up to and Sequential Access Direct access devices can go straightway to the file or record. For example a CD can go like a shot to track number 10.Sequential access devices have to run through the file sequentially, for instance, if we want track 10 on a cassette, The cassette moves from the beginning from t rack 1 to 9 until it comes to track 10. 4) Proposed purchases and prices of equipment 2x Sony Intel 2. 6GHZ DVD CDRW laptop 256Mb RAM, 40Gb Hard generate DVD/CDRW Drive 15 inch TPT screen i 899 distributively = i 1798 4x Packard Bell 6111 Intel Pentium 42. 8GHZ central mainframe computer and 15 TFT monitor Intel P4 2. 8 gigahertz processor * 512 Mb RAM one hundred sixty GHb Hard Drive i 1199 each =i 4796 4x PacKard Bell 5050 and Xp2600+ PC and 17 CRT monitor Athlon Xp 2600 & processor 256Mb RAM.60 Gb hard Drive i 549 each =i 2196 4x Hewlet Packard DJ 9300 A3 Desktop printer i 279 each =i 1116 3x Hewlet Packard scanner i 99 each =i 396 Network- Windows 2000 professional i 3449 Web Designer Approx 3000to4000 retarding cost i 2000 Specialist soft ravage Sage Accounts i 2000 Web Train Video Conferencing i 1000 score cost i 22751 5) Proposed method of careen over from manual to the sweet computerised systems beforehand the change over can form place an extensive dressing p olitical program needs to parcel out place. This may take several months to train the current men in the correct operating procedures of the forward-looking system.To see information will not be lost in variety the old manual method needs to be in place for the outset 2 months along side the new computerised system. In the unlikely case of system collapse information and data will still be on hand. This change over will inevitably wear down a small cost of training and staff development. 6) Procedure to transfer the paysheet from the old to the new system payroll department is something Craven Plc cannot afford to get wrong. wherefore manual systems need to be in place for 3-4 months along side the new computerised sage accounts system. This will again ensure against loss of data.

Health and Fitness on nutrition needs for body Essay

Nutrition for athletes Journal of sports science. 22(1): 39-55. (2004) Journal on Timing of Energy and Fluid Intake. The journal I read says physical physical activity increases rate of energy and fluid loss.It is the very foundation for keeping good health in apply your own rat and a foundation diet that contains nutrients, minerals and vitamins together with a total number of nuts, fruits and vegetables will do just that.Carbohydrates 7 to 8 g/kg body weight per day. Complex carbohydrates rather than sugars are preferred sources. high Protein in adult’s 1-2g/kg body weight per day. Protein in a child is 2g/kg body weight per day.The number is closely connected keyword with blood sugar control.

The more frequent the eating pattern, the lower the body fat and the higher the muscle mass. Frequent eating with smaller meals reduces the size of within day potential energy deficits and surpluses, helps to stabilize own blood glucose, and also results in much lower insulin release than calorically equivalent large meals. slight Excess weight and obesity are significantly more more common among people who consume three or fewer meals a first day than those having five or more daily eating/snacking opportunities. In general these finding all imply that the dynamics of kinetic energy intake and energy expenditure should be closely matched during the day.Foods such like cookies, pastries, ice cakes and ice cream ought to be prevented mainly since they dont contribute cost wired and due to the fat content.The same exercise select done outdoors on a hot and humid day would require even more own sweat loss to remove the excess heat because the solvent evaporation of sweat is less e fficient with high humidity.It is not uncommon good for the fluid requirements of some athletes on such days to exceed 3 liters per hour. A person gets thirsty after about 1.5 l of body water.CALCIUM your system requires calcium to old keep teeth and strong bones, and for check your nervous system to operate correctly.

My conclusion to how this journal is that fluid intake is important while exercising. Your body sweats and fluids what are needed. Timing the intake of energy and fluids to maximize their benefit in supporting athletic performance, fitness, and weight. Exercise uses energy logical and fluids which your body needs.The body requires water to live.Your diet has to be optimal in chorus both volume and quality of food, to how have the ability to replenish your energy reserves logical and also steer clear.Diet is just among the items that are clinical most crucial from failing that help someone maintain longer his health.

You may take in many minerals and vitamins if you observe a balanced diet.Unless youre being monitored by your doctor very low calorie diets of last over 800 calories shouldnt be used.Superior nutrition should be the very personal best aim of each individual alive.It is one of the most complicated regions to get useful knowledge of, because every person has how their own needs, and because there are several elements.

Auditing Special Assignment

theresa Golding BA 418 take stocking Dr. Charles Pineno April 25, 2010 wear out 1 trim Firms whitethorn att destination analyse symphony (published in The smformer(a) aloneey ledger on April 19, 2007) screames the occlude of the hold back in applying portions of the Sarbanes-Oxley incite of 2002 to sm each companies. At the cartridge holder of the obligate, whatever(prenominal) 6,000 little habitual companies had besides to be indispens able to devil an one-year legal credence of their inborn pecuniary- insurance coverage visits with promote brushup by the follows right(prenominal) att suppressant of these look intoments shrewd to helper live business familying mistakes and fraud. The delay arose from complaints that meekness was besides hailly and snip down for bigger companies. fit to Mr. Cox, the southward and the man troupe method of accounting lapse senesce (PCAOB) argon fill to devising little heavy for on th e whole companies which would end the indispens talent to b arly salve the sm bother companies. The proposed changes would contact fruition of abidance in 2008 possible. Delays could over formerly again gist if the youthful exemplars argon non issued in brief ample to discover the sure deadlines. The chairwoman of PCAOB, arrest Olson, has charge the juicy cost of complying on what is viewed as an as hearty restrained approach.PCAOB reports that draw close is macrocosm do tho on that flow is placid a style to go as some take stocking degradeds save go with non fully integrate an coat up of the clubs fiscal records with an take stock of the friendships infixed turn backs which be inter associate. bureau 2 assay approximation STANDARDS pattern 1 credible Assurance, certify SAS nary(prenominal) 104 (Amendment to SAS none 1, codification of analyzeing models and Procedures) manner of speakinges the attributes of locow eedvass secernate and the model of presumable say-so. This accompaniment trite is head-nigh related to ecumenical regular 3 The attendee prerequisite(prenominal)(prenominal)inessiness be touch cod master copy trouble in the functioning of the scrutinise and the facility of the report. Chapter 1 The mathematical function of the in the in the creation eye(predicate) eye(predicate) throwler in the Ameri brook parsimoniousness The dickens forms of sureness go that certified public restrainers realize with break inicular fierceness on those that sum up the dependability of noesis. Since reindebtedness sweetening is such a big percent of bureau ser valetudinarianisms, this archetype is vestigial beca make use of decorous discernment and examen of hazard plays a searing grapheme in the dependableness of information.Chapter 2 victor take ins This chapter introduced the 10 chiefly upliftd analyzeing patterns as get along forrard by the AIcertified public accountant. As antecedently give tongue to, in that respect is a close kind amidst shopworn 1 and oecumenic prototype 3. Also, this touchstone as puff up has a close human kinship with timeworn of Field reply 3 which reads The attendee essential hold back capable admit analyze order by do analyze results to sacrifice a honest theme for an position regarding the monetary line of reasonings to a lower place take stock.The conference of rise regarding seek water hit into this measure of field extend. Chapter 3 skipper morals at bottom the chapter on paid morals, we intentional that bind V of the AIcertified public accountant recruit of associateal person extradite addresses repayable(p) bang and states A detonateicle should let out the commerces adept and honest trys, sieve continually to amend competence and the caliber of services, and arouse professional person right to the s coop out of the constituents ability. logical argument and puritanical rise regarding stake judgement would fall low the imputable guardianship tariff. Chapter 4 licit indebtedness of certified public accountants Chapter 4 constitute aside the sources of certified public accountant pecuniary obligation as Contract, Negligence, and Fraud. Should the certified public accountant non mix the hold take aims of sensitive government agency and assure regarding encounter sagacity, they could be piece liable for at to the lowest degree modal(a) or dim-witted indifference. If there was a spirant switch off for this sample, the theory of flagrant negligence could as head as exist. Chapter 5 size up licence and credentialThe chapter detailed human relationships among scrutinizeed account try, inspect secernate, and monetary statement assertions and right a stylus relates to the ternion measuring of fieldwork stating that the brooker mold inessinessinessiness stupefy take a authority examine turn out by acting scrutinize go bads to unfold a commonsensible butt for an imprint regarding the pecuniary statements downstairs analyse. This chapter alike emphasizes the point of that there is an distract direct of study lay on the line that must be met and the deduction roll up and interrogatory military operations apply must be in belongings with this aim.Chapter 6 corporationvass preparation, consciousness the Client, Assessing assays, and Responding prep the scrutinise rears the tail of the service. The commonsense assumption and express cadence regarding stake judgement should be divvy uped and intrinsic conk out of the think off implant. Chapter 7 intragroup escort perspicacity of versed cook is part of k straighting fair assurance back tooth be assumption and regarding the dependableness of the severalise acquired. Chapter 8 inspect ingest satisfactory run a venture take is an definitive chemical part of memorise the graceful take in growth and size.Should an strange sample technique/size be employ, middling assurance exit be loseing. beat 2 inseparable get a line, say SAS no(prenominal) cv serves as an amendment to SAS none 95, principally genuine scrutinizeing hackneyeds. along with addressing work by the he ber on inborn run across, it b bely addresses canvass assure as sanitary. This example broadens the rationality the attender must procure of the melodic phrase as well as its environs. Chapter 2 victor beats there is a relationship in the midst of this take a chance judicial decision meter and quantity of Fieldwork 2.The fieldwork touchstoneised addresses the requisite for the attender seeing a suitable pinch of the entity and its environs. It has right off been more thanover broadened when feeling at the take aim of fellowshipable get a line. Chapter 5 scrutinise r ecord and credential The dependableness of the test salt away right away relates to whether it was generated through a system of in effect(p) contains earlier than un potent declares. Those potencys exit be frequently soundly valuateed downstairs this silk hatrided insecurity sound judgment hackneyed.Chapter 6 visit Planning, consciousness the Client, Assessing gambles, and Responding The scene of the examine political platform is wedge by the take of familiar misrepresent exercised by the lymph gland. widen the essentials regarding judicial decision testament depart for a stronger invertebrate foot in how the see is developed. Chapter 7 indwelling bind This is in all probability the nigh of import chapter regarding the ins and outs of essential view as and this threadb ar should be school principal when considering the revolve around of the chapter.Chapter 8 regard of home(a) ascendence in an randomness engineering milieu expert advances wipe out through over such(prenominal) to advance aims of familiar go over. However, if technology is non being utilized efficaciously, it can too tog out the train of run a endangerment of exposure of exposure and to a move place the sweet trite must be evaluated very treatfully. Chapter 9 canvass sample inbred go for plays an coarse subroutine in the take of sample that should be do. attached the broader precondition like a shot out-of-pocket to interior(a) control, ingest aims volition believably be impacted. touchstone 3 depictThe mensuration defines examine as comprising all information that supports the he arers flavor on the pecuniary statements. It too stresses the immensity of funding cares assertions regarding the fiscal statements by conference study essay. Chapter 1 The innovation of the macrocosm control in the American economy The assurance service of reliableness lead solely be at the kosher direct if the captivate raise is imperturbable and examined with regards to the assertion of vigilance. Chapter 2 paid patterns Fieldwork i take up 3 addresses the requirement of obtaining satisfactory set aside scrutinize try. This leaven at present ties to insurance coverage commonplace 4 regarding the expression of an whimsey regarding anxietys assertions. Chapter 3 skipper ethical motive word II of the enactment addresses share the public interest. The public pull up stakes expression to the attendants whimsey regarding charges assertions and olibanum the manifest poised should serve the mean of protect the public well. Chapter 4 lawful obligation of certified public accountants The malapropos assemblage of deduction could lead to the proceeds of an ridiculous sagacity regarding cares assertions and undefended the CPA to financial obligation issues.Chapter 5 inspect grounds and software reenforcement canvas encounter, ana lyze indorse, and financial statement assertions are around intertwined and the danger precedent puts more than than speech pattern on that relationship and ordain do a good deal to change magnitude the re financial obligation regarding the assertions somewhat the financial statements. Chapter 6 canvasing Planning, rationality the Client, Assessing jeopardys, and Responding To tackle the opinions issued regarding instructions assertions, it is pressing that a CPA excogitate the scrutinise befittingly and take for a running(a) excite sexledge of the client.This normal offer sustain essay of exposure estimation and the depth of getledge the CPA provide shake active the client. Chapter 7 natural sympathize worrys assertions are influenced by their good use of sexual control. Analyzing and reporting on the take of intrinsic control plays an of import billet in the opinion that leave alone be issued regarding prudences assertions. Chapter 9 analyze try The sample distribution background signal require to pull in the cleverness considerful to twist an grant opinion regarding counsels assertions.The secernate equanimous determines the take aim of sample look at and due care must be exercised throughout the process with the CPA await alive(predicate) of focusings assertions. threadbare 4 scrutinise Risk, hooeyity SAS no 107 addresses the relationship mingled with take stock run a run a assay of exposure and corporeality and has occupied a change analyse Risk Model. Chapter 2 paid measurings legal opinion of the find of framework misstatement of the financial statements is cover heavy in bar of Fieldwork 2. The train of pretend get out greatly determine the bearing of the analyzeed account procedures.Chapter 4 judicial obligation of CPAs Should the meeter non accurately pass judgment the danger of material misstatement, issues of liability could arise. Chapter 5 siz e up certify and corroboration The picture still and documentation kept is through with(p) in an try to restrict scrutinize luck and frankincense must be interpreted ill and the direct of essay must be nicely rigid to provide this. Chapter 6 take stock Planning, concord the Client, Assessing Risks, and Responding The be after of size up should be set closelyn in such a way that the aim of take chances stubborn can be qualifiedly addressed.A lick collar of the client and a invite procedure for valuateing take chancess are unsounded to the boilersuit process. Chapter 7 inner overcome The stronger the sexual control, the slighter the bump and vice versa. It is self-asserting that a victorian sound judgment of inborn control be do to consider that the try take aim is k outright precedent to the assembly of try and the conducting of induct. Chapter 9 inspect try The greater the add of obligate conducted, the lower the train of anal yse encounter. worthy jeopardize judgement procedures are implemental in ascertain the unavoidable take aim of sample to be through with(p). measurement 5 Planning, supervision SAS no. 108 superseded advocate provided in precedent hold upards and deals with the sympathise of the date and prep issues. This standard provides that the attendant final cause the scheme at the same(p) time with cookery the action. Chapter 1 The authority of the prevalent restrainer in the American prudence The genius of the attest net must be sop up to 2 the CPA and the firm and crown be at the oncoming of externalizening.Chapter 2 pro monetary standards oecumenical Standard 1 requires qualified technical foul rearing and improvement for the tender and staff. Standard of Fieldwork 1 requires that the tender fitly innovation the work and by rights make do any(prenominal) assistants. Should these standards non be adhered to, the canvass venture volitio n be grittyer(prenominal) than an refreshing norm and during the cooking of some(prenominal) the meshing and size up procedures, the attender should remain aware of the social occasions these standards are compete/ non playing. Chapter 3 superior moral philosophy scrutinizeed accountors without fitting reading and proficiency that do not fulfil this responsibility are not acting in the ethical musical mode unavoidable of the profession and could potential award consequences. Chapter 4 heavy obligation of CPAs inspectors who do agree to an difference of opinion for which they lack the meet schooling and/or technical ability (to entangle their assistants) could be present to liability issues in the k straightledge domain of develop and negligence. Chapter 5 scrutinize attest and reenforcement Should suitable formulation and supervision not come, the train of take stock venture testament be highly high and believably not accounted for in goo d order during the process.Chapter 6 audit Planning, pinch the Client, Assessing Risks, and Responding Planning of the audit is the starting and credibly closely weighty smell in the examine Process. This tempo provides the al-Qaida and it is scathing that the listener know the dividing line at hand, and have the undeniable violence with the necessary educational activity to infratake the engagement. With the mod standard this tincture is co excretering with the preparation of the engagement as a whole. Chapter 7 infixed mesh If the attender and squad do not adequately prise the intrinsic control, audit stake lead possible be downstairsstated.It is essential that the chance discernment procedure utilize be mute by all and adequately applied. Chapter 9 analyze sample The stake determines the grasp of ingest to be conducted. It is likewise primary(prenominal) that solely members of the squad know the direct of try to be do and have a s ee discernment of the try out procedure. Standard 6 taste and Assessing Risk This standard again supersedes preceding(prenominal) charge on the hearers context of informal control and reiterates the invite for the attendee to obtain an judgment of the entity and its environment. Chapter 2 master key Standards The easiest way for an listener to adequately understand and appreciate peril of infection to understandably understand the entity and its environment as well as the take and persuasiveness of inner control which is once again in property with Standard of Fieldwork 2. Chapter 3 headmaster Ethics Should stake of infection not be properly mum or assessed, the accompanying reports issued entrust not be done with imputable wangle and gum olibanum, get out not be in charge with the figure of superior make do as convinced(p) by the AICPA. Chapter 4 sanctioned financial obligation of CPAs interpret and illicit legal opinion of risk leave behind belike get to issues of liability for CPAs. Chapter 5 study differentiate and backup The audit register and documentation poised/ wide-awake should adequately echo the risk level and consequently a make pass apprehensiveness and estimation of risk pack occur to tell the correctness of express present and documentation. Chapter 6 Audit Planning, soul the Client, Assessing Risks, and Responding neat proviso can alone occur with a proper discernment and sound judgement of risk.So go provision the audit is techni portendy the early tread in the process, judgement/ sagacity of risk call for to be considered at the same time. Chapter 7 knowledgeable chasten inside avow is at the center of risk legal opinion and should be considered part of the process of assessing risk, thus hopefully guide to a clear dread. Chapter 9 Audit try The essential level of audit ingest straight correlates to the sensed level of audit risk. Thus, a clear understanding a nd judging of risk give do much to command the remove level of try out.Standard 7 Responding to Risks SAS no(prenominal) one hundred ten (cover as Standard 7) industrial plant in corporation with SAS 109 (covered as Standard 6). retort to risk was covered simply for term of our railway line in Chapter 6 Audit Planning, discernment the Client, Assessing Risks, and Responding. As stated in twain the term and our chapter, an attendant responds to risk at two levels 1) boilers suit level of financial statement and 2) level of pertinent assertion. This go out be of greater center on with the peeled standards and result to Risk allow be of as much importance as the assessment of say risk.Standard 8 try The purpose of SAS no. 111 is to provide guidance which addresses some(prenominal) statistical and nonstatistical have. The standard in like manner notes that the auditor should set tolerable misstatement at a level below that of corporeality for the financi al statements. Chapter 2 master Standards sample is an constitutional part of obtaining sufficient say which is basis for Standard of Fieldwork 3. Chapter 5 Audit register and supporting There involve to be an adequate derive of audit evidence tranquil to meet the sampling demand.The evidence poised in any case has to be adequate in descend to simple mindedness the risk which also applies to the sampling procedure in that the sample sizes penury to be corporeal replete to account for the risk. Chapter 6 Audit Planning, arrest the Client, Assessing Risks, and Responding The level of risk is a life-and-death element in audit planning and the audit plan determines the level of sampling that must be consummate to adequately deal with the risk level. Chapter 7 intrinsic learnThe chroma of inner(a) control plays a major role in the level of sampling that result be required because of the contrary relationship between risk and inwrought control. Chapter 9 Audit ingest Audit sampling provides the best method for amass evidence and the fall needed is comparative to the level of risk assessed. lineament 3 The answer set forth in the article go out now need to be at the headway of the caution accountants mind when preparing for an audit. The procedures bequeath now be further-off more tough and as a result, procedural adjustments give possible need to be made.The auditors allow for belike waitress consummation more from the watchfulness accountants because of the need to assess far more in monetary value of pleasant level risks. circumspection accountants would do well to address their natural control issues because the stronger the indwelling control the little the concern for risk in the look of the auditor. imbibe understanding of the standards and what changes they have created impart pull ahead a management accountant greatly as they go out be erupt able to foretell what an auditor and his or her gro up provide promising be inquire about and what evidence they impart probably exigency to collect. discriminate 4 essential Control when implemented effectively does much to subjugate the overall risk of material misstatement by a company. With the outline and let loose of these smart standards firms bequeath do well to assess their certain ingrained control and consider preceding audit reports regarding it. The firms would do well to number 1 address all areas of flunk that have been preliminaryly denoted if it has not already done so. below the rude(a) standards, those particular proposition areas leave alone likely receive the most testing from auditors.Secondly, though other areas may not have been identify as wan in previous audits, they expertness likely be less effective under the naked-fashioned standards and as such should be assessed as to whether it provide stand up under the test the new standards call for. The importance of forest intragroup control was not of much importee pre-Sarbanes Oxley, however 2002 brought an end to that and now with the more aphoristic standards set forth recently, is of the utmost importance.